Current Pharmaceutical Design - Volume 31, Issue 1, 2025

The advent of 3D printing technology has emerged as a key technical revolution in recent years, enabling the development and production of innovative medication delivery methods in the pharmaceutical sector. The designs, concepts, techniques, key challenges, and potential benefits during 3D-printing technology are the key points discussed in this review. This technology primarily enables rapid, safe, and low-cost development of pharmaceutical formulations during the conventional and additive manufacturing processes. This phenomenon has wide-ranging implications in current as well as future medicinal developments. Advanced technologies such as Ink-Jet printing, drop-on-demand printing, Zip dose, Electrohydrodynamic Printing (E- jet) etc., are the current focus of the drug delivery systems for enhancing patient convenience and improving medication compliance. The current and future applications of various software, such as CAD software, and regulatory aspects in 3D and 4D printing technology are discussed briefly in this article. With respect to the prospective trajectory of 3D and 4D printing, it is probable that the newly developed methods will be predominantly utilized in pharmacies and hospitals to accommodate the unique requirements of individuals or niche groups. As a result, it is imperative that these technologies continue to advance and be improved in comparison to 2D printing in order to surmount the aforementioned regulatory and technical obstacles, render them applicable to a vast array of drug delivery systems, and increase their acceptability among patients of every generation.

Osteoporosis is a major global health problem. The increase in the incidence of osteoporosis in the elderly poses a challenge to treat and also results in an economic burden for the nation. Osteoporosis has been given more importance in females, and there is an urgent need to address this disease in males. Various drugs, such as nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates, RANK ligand inhibitors, parathormones, and alendronate, have been used for effective treatment of osteoporosis. Alendronate (alendronic acid), a nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate that inhibits bone resorption by osteoclasts, was synthesized during the 1970s. In the present review, we discuss the pharmacokinetics, mechanism of action, adverse effects, contraindications, and toxicity monitoring of alendronate. The drug may be effectively used for the treatment of male osteoporosis in order to increase bone mineral density and prevent fractures.

A double bond between the nitrogen and carbon atoms characterizes a wide class of compounds known as Schiff bases. The flexibility of Schiff bases is formed from several methods and may be combined with alkyl or aryl substituents. The group is a part of organic compounds, either synthetic or natural, and it serves as a precursor and an intermediate in drugs that have therapeutic action. The review focuses on molecular docking and structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis for antidiabetic effects of the different non-metal Schiff bases. Many studies have found that Schiff bases are used as linkers in an extensive range of synthesized compounds and other activities. Thus, this current study aims to give the scientific community a thoughtful look at the principal ideas put forward by investigators regarding antidiabetic actions exhibited by certain Schiff-based derivatives, as this review covered many aspects, including docking and SAR analysis. For individuals who intend to create novel antidiabetic compounds with Schiff bases as pharmacophores or physiologically active moieties, it will be an invaluable informational resource.