Current Pharmaceutical Design - Volume 22, Issue 7, 2016

Drug-induced photosensitivity of the skin is drawing increasing attention. In past few decades, photosensitivity has been reported with an array of drugs, and is now recognized as a noteworthy medical problem by clinicians, regulatory authorities and pharmaceutical industry. The photosensitivity is of two types i.e., phototoxicity and photoallergy. Phototoxic disorders have a high incidence, whereas photoallergic re Read More

Obesity is rising to unprecedented numbers, affecting a growing number of children, adolescents and young adult men. These individuals face innumerous health problems, including subfertility or even infertility. Overweight and obese men present severe alterations in their body composition and hormonal profile, particularly in ghrelin, leptin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels. It is well known that male rep Read More

Amphotericin B (AmB)-deoxycholate micellar formulation, Fungizone®, is the drug of choice for the treatment of unidentified mycotic infections. However, it usage has been marred by long therapeutic regimes and severe side effects. The less toxic lipid associated AmB formulations have been limited by their high expense, with some loss in activity. The quest for decreasing AmB cytotoxicity as well as production cost has r Read More

Gastric cancer (GC) is the amongst the most common cancer types causing second largest number of cancer related deaths globally. GC is characterized as an aggressive malignancy which is very tough to be detected at an early stage. GC has been defined as a complex, multistep process involving multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations leading to aberrant expression of key regulating factors. GC according to W Read More

The use of the carbohydrate glucose as an energetic source is essential for an adequate function of the human body. The complex regulation of this molecule involves the coordinated action of various organs such as pancreas, liver and brain. Any disruption of this physiological balance may result in a dangerous compromise of general metabolic activities increasing the possibility of developing T1DM, T2DM and possibly AD. A Read More

The neuroimmune system represents a dense network of biochemical signals associated with neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, neurohormones, cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors synthesized in neurons, glial cells and immune cells, to maintain systemic homeostasis. Endogenous and/or exogenous, noxious stimuli in any tissue are captured by sensor cells to inform the brain; likewise, signals originating at the centr Read More

Vaccination has become one of the most promising immunotherapeutic approaches in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related neuropathological hallmarks. Numerous immunotherapeutic interventions have attempted to achieve adaptive immunity against Aβ with a range of different antigenic designs and immunomodulatory strategies, most of them with great success in AD mouse model stud Read More

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a constellation of risk factors that raise the risk for heart disease and other health problems, such as obesity. The clustering of metabolic abnormality is closely related to oxidative stress and inflammation, as well as the progression of atherosclerosis. Antioxidants are reducing agents which inhibit the oxidation of other molecules and can be used not only to prevent but also to treat he Read More

Therapeutic antibodies are implicated into the very promising and fast growing area of pharmaceutics. Human hybridoma technology, allowing generation of natural human antibodies in a native form, seems to be the most direct way that require no additional modifications for production of therapeutic antibodies. However, technical difficulties in human hybridoma creation discovered in the 80s of the last century have switc Read More

Kinases are known to regulate the majority of human cellular processes such as communication, division, metabolism, survival and apoptosis therefore they can be promising targets in cancer diseases, viral infection and in other disorders. Small molecules acting as selective human protein kinase inhibitors are very attractive pharmacological targets. This review presents a number of examples of biologically active n Read More

Obesity and metabolic syndrome (MS) are risk factors for diabetes, cancer, some cardiovascular and musculoskeletal diseases. Pharmacotherapy should be used when the body mass index (BMI) exceeds 30 kg/m² or 27 kg/m² with comorbidity. Efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapy depend on the mechanism of action of drugs. In this context, drugs affecting the central and peripheral mediator systems such as cannabinoid r Read More

Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, especially microbial dysbiosis play role in several GI ailments such as irritable bowel syndrome, colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel diseases, and antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. Role of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is multifactorial as it involves loss of maintaining intestinal epithelial barrier integrity, increased release of pro-inflammatory molecules, and microbial dysbiosis in gut microfl Read More

Adult rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder affecting joints and frequently characterised by initial local and later systemic inflammation. Researchers have, for many years, traced its cause to diverse genetic, environmental and especially immunological responses that work against the body’s own cells and tissues. Investigation into several of these biomarkers reveals interconnections that exist between Read More

Design of selective anticancer drugs that are targeting RGD-binding integrin receptors which are known to be one of the perspective directions in the field of oncology. Significant progress in the development and application of these types compounds is already demonstrated. The accumulating body of basic and clinical evidence demonstrates potential significant effects on both in vitro and in vivo experimental mo Read More

Following the first small non-coding RNA identification in 1993, accumulated knowledge on the biogenesis, homeostasis and functional roles of microRNAs in different physiological and pathophysiological conditions has been discovered. MicroRNAs act through epigenetic regulation of gene expression. MiR-34a is a member of the MiR-34 family that is involved in p53 pathways, and is implicated in cell death/survival signaling. Read More

Cardio vascular disease (CVD) is the end result of the accumulation of atheromatous plaques within the walls of the coronary arteries and remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Vascular inflammation and associated ongoing inflammatory responses have been considered as the critical culprits in the pathogenesis of CVD. Moreover, the activation of inflammatory pathways is not confined to coronary lesions only but invol Read More