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- Volume 22, Issue 40, 2016
Current Pharmaceutical Design - Volume 22, Issue 40, 2016
Volume 22, Issue 40, 2016
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The Role of Microbiota and Intestinal Permeability in the Pathophysiology of Autoimmune and Neuroimmune Processes with an Emphasis on Inflammatory Bowel Disease Type 1 Diabetes and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Authors: Gerwyn Morris, Michael Berk, Andre F. Carvalho, Javier R. Caso, Yolanda Sanz and Michael MaesBackground: In steady state conditions intestinal immune homeostasis is maintained by a sophisticated bidirectional dialogue between the microbiota and the intestinal immune system. This “cross talk“ is enabled by the presence of highly adapted secretory cells, sampling cells and pattern recognition receptors in the gastric epithelium. Methods: Herein we discuss the mechanisms involved in the breakdown of intesti Read More
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The Gut Microbiota and the Emergence of Autoimmunity: Relevance to Major Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Emily G. Severance, Dag Tveiten, Lief H. Lindström, Robert H. Yolken and Karl L. ReicheltBackground: Autoimmune phenotypes are prevalent in major psychiatric disorders. Disequilibria of cellular processes occurring in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract likely contribute to immune dysfunction in psychiatric disorders. As the venue of a complex community of resident microbes, the gut in a homeostatic state equates with a functional digestive system, cellular barrier stability and properly regulated reco Read More
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Intestinal Dysbiosis, Gut Hyperpermeability and Bacterial Translocation: Missing Links Between Depression, Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes
The comorbid prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) with obesity and type II diabetes mellitus reflects the existence of a subset of individuals with a complex common pathophysiology and overlapping risk factors. Such comorbid disease presentations imply a number of difficulties, including: decreased treatment responsivity and adherence; altered glycemic control and increased risk of wider medical co Read More
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Enteric Ecosystem Disruption in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Can the Microbiota and Macrobiota be Restored?
Authors: John Slattery, Derrick F. MacFabe, Stephen G. Kahler and Richard E. FryeBackground: Many lines of scientific research suggest that Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) may be associated with alterations in the enteric ecosystem, including alterations of the enteric macrobiome (i.e. helminthes and fauna) and changes in predominant microbiome species, particularly a reduction in microbiome species diversity. Methods: We performed a comprehensive review of the literature and summari Read More
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The Microbiota and Gut-Brain Axis: Contributions to the Immunopathogenesis of Schizophrenia
Background: The underlying pathophysiology of schizophrenia still remains elusive. Thus, there is a pressing need to identify novel targets for the development of new interventions and elucidate related biomarkers for the identification and monitoring of potentially responsive patients. In this sense, several hypotheses involving immune/inflammatory changes and the consequent oxidative/nitrosative stress, as well as a dysreg Read More
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Multiple Sclerosis, Gut Microbiota and Permeability: Role of Tryptophan Catabolites, Depression and the Driving Down of Local Melatonin
Authors: Moses Rodriguez, Bharath Wootla and George AndersonBackground: Alterations in gut microbiota, coupled to increased gut permeability are now widely recognized as having a role in the etiology, course and treatment of many medical conditions, including autoimmune and neurodegenerative disorders. Methods: In this review, the role that such gut changes play over the course of multiple sclerosis (MS) is detailed. Results: Given the wide array of biological factors and processes that Read More
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Gut Permeability and Microbiota in Parkinson’s Disease: Role of Depression, Tryptophan Catabolites, Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress and Melatonergic Pathways
Authors: George Anderson, Moonsang Seo, Michael Berk, Andre F. Carvalho and Michael MaesBackground: Increased gut permeability (leaky gut) and alterations in gut microbiota are now widely accepted as relevant to the etiology, course and treatment of many neuropsychiatric disorders, including Parkinson disease (PD). Although a wide array of data on the biological underpinnings of PD has not yet been linked to such gut-associated changes, increased gut permeability and dysregulated microbiota alter many path Read More
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The Gut-Brain Axis, Including the Microbiome, Leaky Gut and Bacterial Translocation: Mechanisms and Pathophysiological Role in Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is a progressive disorder manifested by gradual memory loss and subsequent impairment in mental and behavioral functions. Though the primary risk factor for AD is advancing age, other factors such as diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, obesity, vascular factors and depression play a role in its pathogenesis. The human gastrointestinal tract has a diverse c Read More
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Carrier Mediated Systemic Delivery of Protein and Peptide Therapeutics
Authors: Rahela Zaman, Iekhan Othman and Ezharul Hoque ChowdhuryOver the last few decades proteins and peptide therapeutics have occupied an enormous fraction of pharmaceutical industry. Despite their high potential as therapeutics, the big challenge often encountered is the effective administration and bioavailability of protein therapeutics in vivo system. Peptide molecules are well known for their in vivo short half-lives. In addition, due to high molecular weight and susceptibility to Read More
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Targeting Inflammatory Bowel Diseases by Nanocarriers Loaded with Small and Biopharmaceutical Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
Authors: Ana Beloqui, Regis Coco and Veronique PreatNanotechnology has emerged as a promising strategy toward inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treatment. Nano-sized drug delivery systems exhibit an increased accumulation in inflamed tissues due to their nanometer size and present the ability to overcome the challenging inflamed colonic barriers (i.e. thick mucus layer, disrupted epithelium, altered colonic transit time). Moreover, nanocarriers are able to increase t Read More
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Volumes & issues
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Volume 31 (2025)
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Volume 30 (2024)
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Volume 29 (2023)
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Volume 28 (2022)
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Volume 27 (2021)
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Volume 26 (2020)
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Volume 25 (2019)
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Volume 24 (2018)
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Volume 23 (2017)
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Volume 22 (2016)
- Issue 46
- Issue 45
- Issue 44
- Issue 43
- Issue 41
- Issue 42
- Issue 40
- Issue 39
- Issue 38
- Issue 37
- Issue 36
- Issue 35
- Issue 34
- Issue 32
- Issue 31
- Issue 30
- Issue 29
- Issue 28
- Issue 27
- Issue 26
- Issue 25
- Issue 24
- Issue 23
- Issue 22
- Issue 21
- Issue 20
- Issue 19
- Issue 18
- Issue 17
- Issue 16
- Issue 15
- Issue 14
- Issue 13
- Issue 12
- Issue 11
- Issue 10
- Issue 9
- Issue 8
- Issue 7
- Issue 6
- Issue 5
- Issue 4
- Issue 33
- Issue 3
- Issue 2
- Issue 1
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Volume 21 (2015)
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Volume 20 (2014)
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Volume 19 (2013)
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Volume 18 (2012)
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Volume 17 (2011)
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Volume 16 (2010)
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Volume 15 (2009)
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Volume 14 (2008)
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Volume 13 (2007)
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Volume 12 (2006)
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Volume 11 (2005)
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Volume 10 (2004)
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Volume 9 (2003)
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Volume 8 (2002)
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Volume 7 (2001)
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Volume 6 (2000)
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