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Current Nanomaterials - Online First
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Nanotubes and Nanodiamonds in 3D printing: Enhancing Mechanical and Biological Properties of Nanocomposites through Advanced Formulation Technologies
Authors: Chirag Jain, Teena Garg, Shikha Baghel Chauhan and Indu SinghAvailable online: 16 December 2024More LessAimWith the aim to improve the thermal and mechanical characteristics of nanocomposites for cutting-edge engineering applications, this work looks at how nanotubes and nanodiamonds can be integrated into 3D printing processes.
BackgroundThe performance of 3D-printed products has been greatly enhanced by the addition of nanomaterials like carbon nanotubes as well as nanodiamonds into polymer matrices. While nanodiamonds offer remarkable hardness and thermal stability, carbon nanotubes are widely recognized for their better electrical conductivity and bending strength. Their qualities make them the best options for raising the calibre of nanocomposites that are 3D printed.
ObjectiveThis paper looks at the effects of dispersion, functionalization, and synthesis of nanotubes and nanodiamonds on the mechanical and thermal properties of nanocomposites, taking into account the environmental impact, obstacles, and applications of these materials.
MethodsThe techniques for adding nanotubes and nanodiamonds to 3D printing formulations were the main topic of a thorough literature study. A number of important factors were examined, including stability, toughness, elasticity, and tensile strength. The influence of uniform particle spread on overall composite performance as well as developments in dispersion technologies were reviewed in the paper.
ResultsThe study found that the incorporation of nanotubes and nanodiamonds into 3D printing processes significantly improved the mechanical and biological properties of nanocomposites. These nanomaterials improved electrical conductivity and thermal stability, making them suitable for applications in electronics, aerospace, and biomedical fields. However, challenges such as high costs, ecological impacts, and long-term stability assessments remain.
ConclusionAlthough there is potential for next-generation materials with the incorporation of nanotubes along with nanodiamonds in 3D-printed nanocomposites, issues such as uniform nanoparticle dispersion still need to be resolved.
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Green Synthesis Techniques for Sulphur Nanoparticles: Current Methods and Future Perspectives
Authors: Ajay Kumar Shukla and Manoj Kumar MishraAvailable online: 03 December 2024More LessIn recent years, cancer has emerged as a significant public health challenge, prompting extensive research into the development of innovative anticancer therapies capable of selectively inducing cell death or halting the proliferation of cancer cells. Harnessing the distinctive characteristics of nanomaterials, advancements in nanotechnology have played a pivotal role in the progression of nanomedicine for cancer treatment. Various nanomaterials, such as gold, silver, silica, and carbon nanoparticles, have been investigated for their potential in drug delivery systems. Meanwhile, sulfur, with its abundant chemically diverse organic and inorganic compounds exhibiting a range of biological functions from antioxidant properties to antibacterial and anticancer capabilities, has garnered significant attention.
Sulphur nanoparticles (SNPs) find widespread application in diverse fields such as lithium sulfur batteries, sulphur-based photocatalysts, and antimicrobial agents. Despite their extensive utilization in non-biomedical domains, such as drug delivery and cancer prevention strategies, SNPs face challenges when employed for biomedical purposes. Concerns include toxicity, limited reactivity, and the substantial particle size of SNPs, which hinder their effectiveness as drug delivery carriers. To overcome these obstacles, surface modifications of SNPs are necessary to enhance their biomedical applicability.
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Luminescent and Scintillation Properties of LiLu(PO3)4:Pr3+ Nanophosphor
Available online: 03 December 2024More LessBackgroundRecent advancements in luminescent materials have drawn significant interest due to their wide-ranging applications in radiation detection, lighting, and display technologies. Praseodymium-doped phosphates, in particular, have shown promise because of their unique luminescent and scintillation properties.
ObjectiveThis study aims to synthesize, characterize, and evaluate the luminescent and scintillation properties of praseodymium-doped polyphosphate LiLu(PO3)4, focusing on the potential applications of these materials.
MethodsLiLu(PO3)4:Pr3+ microcrystals were synthesized using the flux method, while nanocrystals were produced via the coprecipitation technique. The synthesized polyphosphates were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy.
ResultsLiLu(PO3)4:Pr3+ crystals were found to crystallize in the monoclinic C2/c space group with specific lattice parameters. The structural analysis revealed that the basic units are helical ribbons of (PO3)n formed by corner-sharing PO4 tetrahedra, with LuO8 dodecahedra and LiO4 tetrahedra forming linear chains. The incorporation of praseodymium ions resulted in the observation of both ultraviolet and visible luminescence under X-ray and laser excitations. UV emission, originating from 4f-5d → 4f2 transitions, exhibited a very fast lifetime (τ4f-5d = 3 ns), while visible emission from transitions within the Pr3+ 4f2 ground configuration showed a short decay time of approximately 100 ns.
ConclusionThe scintillation properties of LiLu(PO3)4:Pr3+ demonstrated promising results, indicating their potential for various high-performance applications, including solid-state lighting, bioimaging, and radiation detection.
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Novel Application of Alumina Nanoparticle-enriched Cutting Fluid for the Surface Integrity and Machining of 17-4PH Steel
Authors: Vivek John, Saurabh Aggarwal, Ankit D. Oza, Manoj Kumar and Prince JainAvailable online: 02 December 2024More LessIntroductionStainless steel 17-4 PH is said to be a challenging material to cut due to its limited thermal conductivity. Early tool failure and inadequate surface finishing were observed because excessive cutting temperatures have a negative impact on productivity when machining 17-4 PH steel.
MethodTherefore, the present study explored the viability of alumina-reinforced ricebran oil (Al2O3 (80 nm)) nanoparticles with ricebran oil and divyol oil as lubricants. A diverse volume fraction of alumina was mixed with 5 vol. % rice bran oil ordivyol oil. Subsequently, twenty-seven turning operations were performed on the 17-4PH material in the optimal lubricating medium. When Al2O3 nanoparticles are added to rice bran oil, there is an 18.22% improvement in surface roughness.
ResultsThe particle volumetric range that the authors chose was 0.25 vol.% to 1.25 vol.% to achieve equilibrium between the benefits of higher heat conductivity and the reduced pumping power resulting from high viscosity.The machining values were statistically analyzed via analysis of variance. In addition, response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to develop a mathematical equation linking the input and machining responses.
ConclusionA comparison of the two analyzed fluid systems revealed that the cutting force (Fz), feed force (Fx), thrust force (Fy), and surface roughness (Ra) of the Al2O3 mixed Rice Bran Oil cutting fluid were considerably lower than those of the other methods (8.89%, 4.659%, 9.1416%, and 18.22%, respectively).
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Nanomedicine Innovations for Diabetes Management: Revolutionizing Diagnosis, Treatment, and Monitoring
Authors: Shatrudhan Prajapati and Shikha YadavAvailable online: 29 October 2024More LessDiabetes mellitus, a widespread metabolic disease characterized by high blood sugar levels, affects many people globally. The limitations of conventional diagnostic and therapeutic approaches necessitate exploring innovative strategies. Nanotechnology shows remarkable potential for revolutionizing the field of diabetes theranostics (combined diagnosis and treatment) by enabling accurate diagnosis and precise treatment delivery. This article provides a comprehensive review of the latest advancements in nanomaterials for diagnosing and treating diabetes. It explores the applications of various nanomaterials, including inorganic and organic nanoparticles, nanocomposites, and nanostructured biosensors, in biomarker detection, glucose monitoring, insulin delivery, and addressing diabetes-related complications. The study focuses on the synthesis and functionalization of nanomaterials for diabetes, covering both traditional and environmentally friendly synthesis methods. This study looks into how nanomaterials can be used to carry natural antidiabetic extracts, recombinant insulin, and other antidiabetic drugs, to make them more bioavailable, targetable, and effective. However, the review also talks about the problems that come with using nanosensors to diagnose diabetes. It also looks at the newest developments in nanosensors for biomarker detection, implantable devices, and continuous glucose monitoring. Additionally, the review examines the potential of nanomaterials in the management of diabetic sequelae, including diabetic nephropathy, cardiovascular disorders, retinopathy, and wound healing. We underscore the significance of nanomaterials in islet transplantation, as they provide immunological protection and enhance the viability and efficacy of islets. This study provides useful insights into the prospects and challenges connected with the rapidly growing field of nanotechnology in diabetic theranostics through a comprehensive examination of the current landscape. Academics, clinicians, and stakeholders engaged in developing innovative nanomaterial-based approaches to accurately diagnose and effectively manage diabetes will find this resource highly helpful.
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Cutting Edge Nanoplatforms with Smart Bio-sensing Applications: Paving the Way for Sustainable Green Approaches
Available online: 15 October 2024More LessIn the era of automation, sustainable technologies employing eco-friendly materials and manufacturing techniques such as ‘Green nanobiosensors’ have taken centre stage, owing to their opulent portfolio encompassing renewable fabrication and design from biomaterials, biocompatibility, and ease of functionalization. Generally, sensors utilize nanomaterials sourced from renewable resources or with minimal environmental impact, such as cellulose nanocrystals, chitosan, and biopolymers, owing to their exceptional properties such as high surface area.
With the advent of environmentally conscious attributes in the cutting-edge nano biosensing technology, green nano-biosensors offer innovative avenues for sensitive and selective detection and monitoring of myriad analytes with minimal environmental repercussions. Further, such sensors operate at low energy levels, contributing to reduced energy consumption, and can be mass-produced with minimal environmental influence.
The present outlay of literature aims to decipher the utilization of eco-friendly materials and sustainable manufacturing techniques in creating nano-biosensors and subsequently promulgating their advantages in terms of energy efficiency, low environmental impact, and use of renewable resources. Furthermore, this study embellishes a comprehensive framework that delineates the diverse applications of these green nanobiosensors as eco-friendly technological solutions across diverse sectors primarily agriculture, environmental monitoring, and biomedicine, showcasing their potential to revolutionize these domains while minimizing environmental impact.
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Recent Insights and Clinical Status on Novel Mefenamic Acid Nanocarriers for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Sunayana Tyagi, Milind Sharad Pande and Mojahidul IslamAvailable online: 08 October 2024More LessJoint structure and performance can be compromised by the systemic inflammatory disorder rheumatoid arthritis, which destroys articular cartilage and erodes periarticular bone. However, due to their systemic processes, short half-lives, and poor bioavailability, the anti-inflammatory medicines and biological agents now utilized for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are unable to preferentially target inflamed joints. Anti-inflammatory medicines have made use of nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery methods. The role that inflammation plays in the genesis of disease has had far-reaching repercussions, including its ability to influence the development of disorders as diverse as inflammatory bowel disorder, RA, and osteoarthritis. In the treatment of RA, nanomaterials have the potential to both increase the absorption of the medication and selectively target the damaged joint tissue. Designer nanoparticles now have the ability to engage more thoroughly with their biological targets and a wider variety of diseases. These nanoparticles have a comparable size range and surface properties that can be modified. In this review, we have discussed the progress that has been made and the hurdles that remain in the use of nanomaterials in the treatment of RA, specifically in relation to mefenamic acid.
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