Skip to content
2000
Cover image Placeholder

Abstract

Liver diseases pose a significant global health concern, particularly prevalent in developing nations, often induced by chemical exposure and high drug doses. Hepatic toxicity not only affects liver function but also extends to adjacent tissues, leading to diminished overall body function and necessitating effective treatment strategies. Despite modern medical advancements, stimulating liver function, protecting against damage, and promoting cell regeneration remain challenging tasks. Novel Drug Delivery Systems (NDDS), notably nanoemulsions, present promising avenues for addressing hepatic disorders. Nanoemulsions, characterized by biphasic dispersions of immiscible liquids stabilized by surfactants, possess unique drug-loading capabilities and viscoelastic properties that render them ideal candidates for liver-related conditions. However, their development, manufacturing, and manipulation for hepatic disorders are constrained by the partial applicability of conventional emulsion principles. This comprehensive review delves into various aspects of liver function, disease types, nanoemulsions, associated limitations and challenges, ongoing clinical trials, patents, and their inherent advantages. By shedding light on recent advancements in Nanoemulsion for hepatoprotective activity management, the review aims to illuminate the potential of tailored drug delivery systems in revolutionizing hepatic disease management. Exploring Nanoemulsion for hepatoprotective activity management signifies a crucial step toward offering targeted and efficient treatment modalities for liver diseases. Harnessing the unique capabilities of nanoemulsions could lead to significant improvements in patient outcomes and quality of life, thereby addressing the pressing global health concern posed by hepatic disorders.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/cnanom/10.2174/0124681873323497240922153222
2024-09-25
2024-11-23
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Lazzeri-Barcelo F. Oliva-Vilarnau N. Baniol M. Leibiger B. Bergmann O. Lauschke V.M. Leibiger I.B. Moruzzi N. Berggren P.O. Intraocular liver spheroids for non-invasive high-resolution in vivo monitoring of liver cell function. Nat. Commun. 2024 15 1 767 10.1038/s41467‑024‑45122‑4 38278787
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Jadhav M. Tatke P. Allium cepa L., a potential hepatoprotective and antituberculosis agent. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 2023 62 01 37 48 10.56042/ijeb.v62i01.1420
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Singh S.K. Girotra P. Gupta S. Targeting silymarin for improved hepatoprotective activity through chitosan nanoparticles. Int. J. Pharm. Investig. 2014 4 4 156 163 10.4103/2230‑973X.143113 25426436
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Devereux C.J. Bayliss J. Keenan S.N. Montgomery M.K. Watt M.J. Investigating dual inhibition of ACC and CD36 for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 2023 324 2 E187 E198 10.1152/ajpendo.00161.2022 36629823
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Revankar R.M. Desai A.V. Chougule N.B. Development and characterization of Phytosome as a novel carrier by QbD approach. Int. J. Pharma Sci. 2024 2 01 1
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Zakaria Z.A. Sahmat A. Hizami Azmi A. Zainol A.S.N. Omar M.H. Balan T. Abdul Kadir A. Abdullah S. Azizah R. Sulistyorini L. Liver protective effect of chloroform extract of Bauhinia purpurea leaves is attributed partly to its antioxidant action and the presence of flavonoids. Pharm. Biol. 2023 61 1 1152 1161 10.1080/13880209.2023.2241510 37559390
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Rani J. Dhull S.B. Rose P.K. Kidwai M.K. Drug-induced liver injury and anti-hepatotoxic effect of herbal compounds: A metabolic mechanism perspective. Phytomedicine 2024 122 155142 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155142 37913641
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Saha P. Ahmad F. Neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and antifibrillogenic offerings by emodin against alzheimer’s dementia: A systematic review. ACS Omega 2024 9 7 acsomega.3c07178 10.1021/acsomega.3c07178 38405501
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Cessa-Zanatta J.C. Cortez-Hernández C.A. Goyes D. Bonder A. Epidemiology and health care burden of autoimmune liver diseases in Mexico. Clin. Liver Dis. 2024 23 1 e0089 10.1097/CLD.0000000000000089 38379766
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Korkida F. Stamatopoulou A. Roubelakis M.G. Recent advances in mesenchymal stem/stromal cell-based therapy for alcohol-associated liver disease and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Stem Cells Transl. Med. 2023 13 2 szad082 10.1093/stcltm/szad082 38016185
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Wang X. Anton H. Vandamme T. Anton N. Updated insight into the characterization of nano-emulsions. Expert Opin. Drug Deliv. 2023 20 1 93 114 10.1080/17425247.2023.2154075 36453201
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Trivedi S. Arora R.D. Thakur J. Rathore M. Shukla A. Comparing the clinical orientation benefits of endoscopic demonstration on the nose, paranasal sinuses, and skull base versus cadaveric dissection for first-year medical undergraduates. Indian J. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 2024 76 3 2557 2563 10.1007/s12070‑024‑04535‑9 38883456
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Gupta A. Eral H.B. Hatton T.A. Doyle P.S. Nanoemulsions: Formation, properties and applications. Soft Matter 2016 12 11 2826 2841 10.1039/C5SM02958A 26924445
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Narendran G. Walunj A. Kumar A.M. Jeyachandran P. Awwad N.S. Ibrahium H.A. Gorji M.R. Perumal D.A. Experimental demonstration of compact polymer mass transfer device manufactured by additive manufacturing with hydrogel integration to bio-mimic the liver functions. Bioengineering 2023 10 4 416 10.3390/bioengineering10040416 37106603
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Rajabi-Estarabadi A. Hartman C.L. Iglesia S. Kononov T. Zahr A.S. Effectiveness and tolerance of multicorrective topical treatment for infraorbital dark circles and puffiness. J. Cosmet. Dermatol. 2023 10.1111/jocd.16122 38112168
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Rabie AR International Family Medicine Concludes, Sets Grand Stage for IFM 2023. A Quant study shoulder pain Manag by Prim care physicians Qatar. 2023 7 10 10.5742/MEWFM.2023.95251496
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Gilbert MA Bauer RC Rajagopalan R Alagille syndrome mutation update: Comprehensive overview of JAG1 and NOTCH2 mutation frequencies and insight into missense variant classification. Hum. Mutat. 2019 40 2197 2220
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Castel H. Mathurin P. Alcoholic liver disease. Evidence-Based Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010 465 474 10.1002/9781444314403
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Linzay CD Sharma B Pandit S Autoimmune hepatitis. StatPearls StatPearls Publishing Treasure Island (FL) 2017
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Tsochatzis E.A. Bosch J. Burroughs A.K. Liver cirrhosis. Lancet 2014 383 9930 1749 1761 10.1016/S0140‑6736(14)60121‑5 24480518
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Tripathi N Jialal I. Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia. StatPearls StatPearls Publishing Treasure Island (FL) 2020
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Chandrasekar V.T. Faust T.W. John S. Gilbert syndrome. StatPearls StatPearls Publishing Treasure Island (FL) 2022
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Mehta P. Reddivari A.K.R. Hepatitis. StatPearls StatPearls Publishing Treasure Island (FL) 2022 10.3390/microorganisms12071368
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Porter JL Rawla P Hemochromatosis. StatPearls StatPearls Publishing Treasure Island (FL) 2017
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Evstafeva D Ilievski F Bao Y Luo Z Abramovic B Kang S Steuer C Montanari E Casalini T Simicic D Sessa D Inhibition of urease-mediated ammonia production by 2-octyl hydroxamic acid in hepatic encephalopathy. Nat. Commun. 2024 15 1 2226
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Saloojee H. Innovative approaches to neonatal jaundice diagnosis and management in low-resourced settings. S. Afr. Fam. Pract. 2024 66 1 e1 e5 10.4102/safp.v66i1.5833 38572885
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Lotfollahzadeh S Recio-Boiles A Cagir B. Colon cancer. StatPearls StatPearls Publishing Treasure Island (FL) 2017
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Ansong-Assoku B Shah SD Adnan M Ankola PA Neonatal jaundice. StatPearls StatPearls Publishing Treasure Island (FL) 2018
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Kudaravalli P. John S. Nonalcoholic fatty liver. StatPearls StatPearls Publishing Treasure Island (FL) 2022
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Sharma B John S. Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH). StatPearls StatPearls Publishing Treasure Island (FL) 2017
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Pandit S Samant H. Primary biliary cholangitis. StatPearls StatPearls Publishing Treasure Island (FL) 2017
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Ali A.H. Lazaridis K.N. Primary sclerosing cholangitis. Yamada’s Textb Gastroenterol 2022 1745 1758 10.1002/9781119600206.ch82
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Singh A Koritala T Jialal I. Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. StatPearls StatPearls Publishing Treasure Island (FL) 2019
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Dang J. Chevalier K. Letavernier E. Tissandier C. Mouawad S. Debray D. Obadia M. Poujois A. Kidney involvement in Wilson’s disease: A review of the literature. Clin. Kidney J. 2024 17 4 sfae058 10.1093/ckj/sfae058 38660122
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Violatto M.B. Casarin E. Talamini L. Russo L. Baldan S. Tondello C. Messmer M. Hintermann E. Rossi A. Passoni A. Bagnati R. Biffi S. Toffanin C. Gimondi S. Fumagalli S. De Simoni M.G. Barisani D. Salmona M. Christen U. Invernizzi P. Bigini P. Morpurgo M. Dexamethasone conjugation to biodegradable avidin-nucleic-acid-nano-assemblies promotes selective liver targeting and improves therapeutic efficacy in an autoimmune hepatitis murine model. ACS Nano 2019 13 4 4410 4423 10.1021/acsnano.8b09655 30883091
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Bai K. Hong B. He J. Huang W. Antioxidant capacity and hepatoprotective role of chitosan-stabilized selenium nanoparticles in concanavalin A-induced liver injury in mice. Nutrients 2020 12 3 857 10.3390/nu12030857 32210138
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Hadidi N. Pazuki G. Preparation, characterization and in-vivo efficacy study of glatiramer acetate (GA)-hydrogel-microparticles as novel drug delivery system for GA in RRMS. Sci. Rep. 2022 12 1 22042 10.1038/s41598‑022‑26640‑x 36543898
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Gong S. Lan T. Zeng L. Luo H. Yang X. Li N. Chen X. Liu Z. Li R. Win S. Liu S. Zhou H. Schnabl B. Jiang Y. Kaplowitz N. Chen P. Gut microbiota mediates diurnal variation of acetaminophen induced acute liver injury in mice. J. Hepatol. 2018 69 1 51 59 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.02.024 29524531
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Xiao J. Shi X. Ma H. Tan J. Lin-zhang Xu Q. Ding Y. Administration of IL-1Ra chitosan nanoparticles enhances the therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in acute liver failure. Arch. Med. Res. 2013 44 5 370 379 10.1016/j.arcmed.2013.06.004 23916885
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Go Y. Lee H. Jeong L. Sun S. Hong E. Jung E. Ko C. Noh J. Park S. Lee M. Song C. Lee D. Acid-triggered echogenic nanoparticles for contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging and therapy of acute liver failure. Biomaterials 2018 186 22 30 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.09.034 30278343
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Liu B. Lu Y. Chen X. Muthuraj P.G. Li X. Pattabiraman M. Zempleni J. Kachman S.D. Natarajan S.K. Yu J. Protective role of shiitake mushroom-derived exosome-like nanoparticles in D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide-induced acute liver injury in mice. Nutrients 2020 12 2 477 10.3390/nu12020477 32069862
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Zhao Y.Z. Zhang L. Gupta P.K. Tian F.R. Mao K.L. Qiu K.Y. Yang W. Lv C.Z. Lu C.T. Using PG-liposome-based system to enhance puerarin liver-targeted therapy for alcohol-induced liver disease. AAPS PharmSciTech 2016 17 6 1376 1382 10.1208/s12249‑015‑0427‑5 26753818
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Ma J. Kumar V. Mahato R.I. Nanoparticle delivery of novel PDE4B inhibitor for the treatment of alcoholic liver disease. Pharmaceutics 2022 14 9 1894 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091894 36145643
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Premaletha K. Licy C.D. Jose S. Saraladevi A. Shirwaikar A. Shirwaikar A. Formulation, characterization and optimization of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-loaded chitosan microspheres for oral delivery. Pharm. Dev. Technol. 2012 17 2 251 258 10.3109/10837450.2010.535824 21108582
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Li X. Zhou S. Wu X. Yuan M. Liu L. Jia W. Deng X. Huang Z. Poly- DL -lactide–poly(ethylene glycol) microspheres as oral and parenteral delivery systems for hepatitis B surface antigen. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2002 83 4 850 856 10.1002/app.10081
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Prego C. Paolicelli P. Díaz B. Vicente S. Sánchez A. González-Fernández Á. Alonso M.J. Chitosan-based nanoparticles for improving immunization against hepatitis B infection. Vaccine 2010 28 14 2607 2614 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.01.011 20096389
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Wang X. Zhang M. Flores S.R.L. Woloshun R.R. Yang C. Yin L. Xiang P. Xu X. Garrick M.D. Vidyasagar S. Merlin D. Collins J.F. Oral gavage of ginger nanoparticle-derived lipid vectors carrying Dmt1 siRNA blunts iron loading in murine hereditary hemochromatosis. Mol. Ther. 2019 27 3 493 506 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.01.003 30713087
    [Google Scholar]
  48. Mohammadi H. Heidari R. Niknezhad S.V. Jamshidzadeh A. Farjadian F. in vitro and in vivo evaluation of succinic acid-substituted mesoporous silica for ammonia adsorption: Potential application in the management of hepatic encephalopathy. Int. J. Nanomedicine 2020 15 10085 10098 10.2147/IJN.S271883 33363368
    [Google Scholar]
  49. Baraka S.M. Mowaad N.A. Ibrahim S. Korany R.M.S. El-Sayed A.F. Hassan A.A. Mansour D.A. Green synthesized cerium oxide nanoparticles ameliorate hepatic and cognitive dysfunctions in thioacetamide-induced hepatic encephalopathy in rats: Modulation of TLR-4/NF-κB/Caspase-3 signaling pathways. J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol. 2023 87 104846 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104846
    [Google Scholar]
  50. Mo E. Ebedy Y.A. Ibrahim M.A. Farroh K.Y. Hassanen E.I. Newly synthesized chitosan-nanoparticles attenuate carbendazim hepatorenal toxicity in rats via activation of Nrf2/HO1 signalling pathway. Sci. Rep. 2022 12 1 9986 10.1038/s41598‑022‑13960‑1 35705592
    [Google Scholar]
  51. Kausar S. Jabeen F. Latif M.A. Asad M. Characterization, dose dependent assessment of hepatorenal oxidative stress, hematological parameters and histopathological divulging of the hepatic damages induced by Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) in adult male Sprague Dawley rats. Saudi J. Biol. Sci. 2023 30 9 103745 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103745 37588571
    [Google Scholar]
  52. Ramadan S.S. El Zaiat F.A. Habashy E.A. Montaser M.M. Hassan H.E. Tharwat S.S. El-khadragy M. Abdel Moneim A.E. Elshopakey G.E. Akabawy A.M.A. Coenzyme Q10-loaded albumin nanoparticles protect against redox imbalance and inflammatory, apoptotic, and histopathological alterations in mercuric chloride-induced hepatorenal toxicity in rats. Biomedicines 2023 11 11 3054 10.3390/biomedicines11113054 38002054
    [Google Scholar]
  53. Tohamy H.G. El Okle O.S. Goma A.A. Abdel-Daim M.M. Shukry M. Hepatorenal protective effect of nano-curcumin against nano‑copper oxide-mediated toxicity in rats: Behavioral performance, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, apoptosis, and histopathology. Life Sci. 2022 292 120296 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120296 35045342
    [Google Scholar]
  54. Rawal R. Kharangarh P.R. Dawra S. Bhardwaj P. Synthesis, characterization and immobilization of bilirubin oxidase nanoparticles (BOxNPs) with enhanced activity: Application for serum bilirubin determination in jaundice patients. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 2021 143 109716 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109716 33375976
    [Google Scholar]
  55. Bala N. Saha S. Maiti M. Sarkar M. Das S. Nandi P. Basu R. Riboflavin conjugated temperature variant ZnO nanoparticles with potential medicinal application in jaundice. RSC Advances 2016 6 75 71188 71198 10.1039/C6RA15182E
    [Google Scholar]
  56. Rajeshkumar S. Anticancer activity of eco-friendly gold nanoparticles against lung and liver cancer cells. J. Genet. Eng. Biotechnol. 2016 14 1 195 202 10.1016/j.jgeb.2016.05.007 30647615
    [Google Scholar]
  57. Chen X. Yi L. Yu Z. Gao-wei L. Formulation, characterization and evaluation of curcumin-loaded PLGA-TPGS nanoparticles for liver cancer treatment. Drug Des. Devel. Ther. 2019 13 3569 3578 10.2147/DDDT.S211748
    [Google Scholar]
  58. Liang H.F. Chen C.T. Chen S.C. Kulkarni A.R. Chiu Y.L. Chen M.C. Sung H.W. Paclitaxel-loaded poly(γ-glutamic acid)-poly(lactide) nanoparticles as a targeted drug delivery system for the treatment of liver cancer. Biomaterials 2006 27 9 2051 2059 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.10.027 16307794
    [Google Scholar]
  59. Bujanda L. Hijona E. Larzabal M. Beraza M. Aldazabal P. García-Urkia N. Sarasqueta C. Cosme A. Irastorza B. González A. Arenas J.I. Jr Resveratrol inhibits nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in rats. BMC Gastroenterol. 2008 8 1 40 10.1186/1471‑230X‑8‑40 18782455
    [Google Scholar]
  60. Carvajal S. Perramón M. Oró D. Casals E. Fernández-Varo G. Casals G. Parra M. González de la Presa B. Ribera J. Pastor Ó. Morales-Ruíz M. Puntes V. Jiménez W. Cerium oxide nanoparticles display antilipogenic effect in rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Sci. Rep. 2019 9 1 12848 10.1038/s41598‑019‑49262‑2 31492960
    [Google Scholar]
  61. Jia J. Li F. Zhou H. Bai Y. Liu S. Jiang Y. Jiang G. Yan B. Oral exposure to silver nanoparticles or silver ions may aggravate fatty liver disease in overweight mice. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2017 51 16 9334 9343 10.1021/acs.est.7b02752 28723108
    [Google Scholar]
  62. Patil D. Patil J. Patil M. Girase T. Patel K. The surging function of nanotechnology in the management of primary biliary cholangitis with obeticholic acid. Mater Proc. 2023 14 1 39 10.3390/IOCN2023‑14506
    [Google Scholar]
  63. Polley N. Saha S. Adhikari A. Banerjee S. Darbar S. Das S. Pal S.K. Safe and symptomatic medicinal use of surface-functionalized Mn3O4 nanoparticles for hyperbilirubinemia treatment in mice. Nanomedicine 2015 10 15 2349 2363 10.2217/nnm.15.83 26228093
    [Google Scholar]
  64. Fernandes A. Vaz A.R. Falcão A.S. Silva R.F.M. Brito M.A. Brites D. Glycoursodeoxycholic acid and interleukin-10 modulate the reactivity of rat cortical astrocytes to unconjugated bilirubin. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 2007 66 9 789 798 10.1097/nen.0b013e3181461c74 17805009
    [Google Scholar]
  65. Jaiswal M Dudhe R Sharma PK Nanoemulsion: An advanced mode of drug delivery system. 3 Biotech 2015 5 2 123 127 10.1007/s13205‑014‑0214‑0
    [Google Scholar]
  66. Mason T.G. Wilking J.N. Meleson K. Chang C.B. Graves S.M. Nanoemulsions: Formation, structure, and physical properties. J. Phys. Condens. Matter 2006 18 41 R635 R666 10.1088/0953‑8984/18/41/R01
    [Google Scholar]
  67. Aulton M.E. Taylor K. Aulton’s pharmaceutics: The design and manufacture of medicines. Elsevier Health Sciences 2013
    [Google Scholar]
  68. Xu J.H. Yu Y.Y. Xu X.Y. Management of chronic liver diseases and cirrhosis: current status and future directions. Chin. Med. J. 2020 133 22 2647 2649 10.1097/CM9.0000000000001084 32925282
    [Google Scholar]
  69. Kisseleva T. Brenner D. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of liver fibrosis and its regression. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2021 18 3 151 166 10.1038/s41575‑020‑00372‑7 33128017
    [Google Scholar]
  70. Kumar N. Verma A. Mandal A. Formation, characteristics and oil industry applications of nanoemulsions: A review. J. Petrol. Sci. Eng. 2021 206 109042 10.1016/j.petrol.2021.109042
    [Google Scholar]
  71. Tadros T. Izquierdo P. Esquena J. Solans C. Formation and stability of nano-emulsions. Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 2004 108-109 303 318 10.1016/j.cis.2003.10.023 15072948
    [Google Scholar]
  72. Kumar N. Mandal A. Surfactant stabilized oil-in-water nanoemulsion: Stability, interfacial tension, and rheology study for enhanced oil recovery application. Energy Fuels 2018 32 6 6452 6466 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.8b00043
    [Google Scholar]
  73. Upadhyay T. Ansari V.A. Ahmad U. Sultana N. Akhtar J. Exploring nanoemulsion for liver cancer therapy. Curr. Cancer Ther. Rev. 2020 16 4 260 268 10.2174/1573394716666200302123336
    [Google Scholar]
  74. Wilson R.J. Li Y. Yang G. Zhao C.X. Nanoemulsions for drug delivery. Particuology 2022 64 85 97 10.1016/j.partic.2021.05.009
    [Google Scholar]
  75. Alamri E.S. Bayomy H.M. Hussein M.A.M. Ozaybi N.A. Almasoudi S.E. Zidan N.S. Albalwi R.A. Atteia H.H. EL-Ezaly F.M. Nanoemulsions of Phoenix dactylifera L. (Decaffeinated) and Coffea arabica L. Extracts as a novel approach for the treatment of carbon tetrachloride-mediated liver fibrosis. Antioxidants 2024 13 3 355 10.3390/antiox13030355 38539888
    [Google Scholar]
  76. McClements D.J. Nanoemulsions versus microemulsions: Terminology, differences, and similarities. Soft Matter 2012 8 6 1719 1729 10.1039/C2SM06903B
    [Google Scholar]
  77. Tan S.L. Stanslas J. Basri M. Abedi Karjiban R.A. Kirby B.P. Sani D. Basri H.B. Nanoemulsion-based parenteral drug delivery system of carbamazepine: Preparation, characterization, stability evaluation and blood-brain pharmacokinetics. Curr. Drug Deliv. 2015 12 6 795 804 10.2174/1567201812666150901112544 26324229
    [Google Scholar]
  78. Sharma N. Mishra S. Sharma S. Deshpande R.D. Sharma R.K. Preparation and optimization of nanoemulsions for targeting drug delivery. Int J Drug Dev Res. 2013 5 4 975 9344
    [Google Scholar]
  79. Al-Edresi S. Baie S. Formulation and stability of whitening VCO-in-water nano-cream. Int. J. Pharm. 2009 373 1-2 174 178 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.02.011 19429303
    [Google Scholar]
  80. Makidon P.E. Nigavekar S.S. Bielinska A.U. Mank N. Shetty A.M. Suman J. Knowlton J. Myc A. Rook T. Baker J.R. Jr Characterization of stability and nasal delivery systems for immunization with nanoemulsion-based vaccines. J. Aerosol Med. Pulm. Drug Deliv. 2010 23 2 77 89 10.1089/jamp.2009.0766 19778268
    [Google Scholar]
  81. Lala R.R. Awari N.G. Nanoemulsion-based gel formulations of COX-2 inhibitors for enhanced efficacy in inflammatory conditions. Appl. Nanosci. 2014 4 2 143 151 10.1007/s13204‑012‑0177‑6
    [Google Scholar]
  82. Hussain A. Samad A. Singh S.K. Ahsan M.N. Haque M.W. Faruk A. Ahmed F.J. Nanoemulsion gel-based topical delivery of an antifungal drug: in vitro activity and in vivo evaluation. Drug Deliv. 2016 23 2 642 657 10.3109/10717544.2014.933284 25013957
    [Google Scholar]
  83. Nasr M. Nawaz S. Elhissi A. Amphotericin B lipid nanoemulsion aerosols for targeting peripheral respiratory airways via nebulization. Int. J. Pharm. 2012 436 1-2 611 616 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.07.028 22842623
    [Google Scholar]
  84. Amani A. York P. Chrystyn H. Clark B.J. Evaluation of a nanoemulsion-based formulation for respiratory delivery of budesonide by nebulizers. AAPS PharmSciTech 2010 11 3 1147 1151 10.1208/s12249‑010‑9486‑9 20652776
    [Google Scholar]
  85. Tamarkin D. Besonov A. Eini M. Danziger J. Foam prepared from nanoemulsions and uses. Patent US20080138296A1, 2017
  86. Mou D. Chen H. Du D. Mao C. Wan J. Xu H. Yang X. Hydrogel-thickened nanoemulsion system for topical delivery of lipophilic drugs. Int. J. Pharm. 2008 353 1-2 270 276 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2007.11.051 18215479
    [Google Scholar]
  87. Pawar V.K. Panchal S.B. Singh Y. Meher J.G. Sharma K. Singh P. Bora H.K. Singh A. Datta D. Chourasia M.K. Immunotherapeutic vitamin E nanoemulsion synergies the antiproliferative activity of paclitaxel in breast cancer cells via modulating Th1 and Th2 immune response. J. Control. Release 2014 196 295 306 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.10.010 25459427
    [Google Scholar]
  88. Bhanushali R.S. Gatne M.M. Gaikwad R.V. Bajaj A.N. Morde M.A. Nanoemulsion based intranasal delivery of antimigraine drugs for nose to brain targeting. Indian J. Pharm. Sci. 2009 71 6 707
    [Google Scholar]
  89. Ammar H.O. Salama H.A. Ghorab M. Mahmoud A.A. Nanoemulsion as a potential ophthalmic delivery system for dorzolamide hydrochloride. AAPS PharmSciTech 2009 10 3 808 819 10.1208/s12249‑009‑9268‑4 19536653
    [Google Scholar]
  90. Zhang Y. Shang Z. Gao C. Du M. Xu S. Song H. Liu T. Nanoemulsion for solubilization, stabilization, and in vitro release of pterostilbene for oral delivery. AAPS PharmSciTech 2014 15 4 1000 1008 10.1208/s12249‑014‑0129‑4 24831090
    [Google Scholar]
  91. Du Y-Z. Li Feng Yu Hu F-Q. Yuan H. He S. Jiang S.P. Lu X-Y. Preparation and characteristics of lipid nanoemulsion formulations loaded with doxorubicin. Int. J. Nanomedicine 2013 8 3141 3150 10.2147/IJN.S47708 23990722
    [Google Scholar]
  92. Devalapally H. Zhou F. McDade J. Goloverda G. Owen A. Hidalgo I.J. Silchenko S. Optimization of PEGylated nanoemulsions for improved pharmacokinetics of BCS class II compounds. Drug Deliv. 2015 22 4 467 474 10.3109/10717544.2013.869275 24344786
    [Google Scholar]
  93. Yu H. Huang Q. Improving the oral bioavailability of curcumin using novel organogel-based nanoemulsions. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2012 60 21 5373 5379 10.1021/jf300609p 22506728
    [Google Scholar]
  94. Sun W. Ma X. Wei X. Xu Y. Nano composite emulsion for sustained drug release and improved bioavailability. Pharm. Res. 2014 31 10 2774 2783 10.1007/s11095‑014‑1374‑7 24752481
    [Google Scholar]
  95. Garti N. Frenkel M. Shwartz R. Multiple emulsions. Part II: Proposed technique to overcome unpleasant taste of drugs. J. Dispers. Sci. Technol. 1983 4 3 237 252 10.1080/01932698308943369
    [Google Scholar]
  96. Bouchemal K. Briançon S. Perrier E. Fessi H. Nano-emulsion formulation using spontaneous emulsification: Solvent, oil and surfactant optimisation. Int. J. Pharm. 2004 280 1-2 241 251 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2004.05.016 15265563
    [Google Scholar]
  97. Mostafa D.M. Abd El-Alim S.H. Asfour M.H. Al-Okbi S.Y. Mohamed D.A. Hamed T.E.S. Awad G. Transdermal fennel essential oil nanoemulsions with promising hepatic dysfunction healing effect: in vitro and in vivo study. Pharm. Dev. Technol. 2019 24 6 729 738 10.1080/10837450.2019.1584633 30775948
    [Google Scholar]
  98. Mostafa D.M. Kassem A.A. Asfour M.H. Al Okbi S.Y. Mohamed D.A. Hamed T.E.S. Transdermal cumin essential oil nanoemulsions with potent antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities: in-vitro and in-vivo evaluation. J. Mol. Liq. 2015 212 6 15 10.1016/j.molliq.2015.08.047
    [Google Scholar]
  99. Yavanarani S. Selvakumar R. in vitro assessment of antimicrobial potential of siddha polyherbal formulation tulasi oil against RTI pathogens. Asian J Res Pharm Sci. 2024 14 1 1 5 10.52711/2231‑5659.2024.00001
    [Google Scholar]
  100. McClements D.J. Edible nanoemulsions: Fabrication, properties, and functional performance. Soft Matter 2011 7 6 2297 2316 10.1039/C0SM00549E
    [Google Scholar]
  101. Halnor V.V. Pande V.V. Borawake D.D. Nagare H.S. Nanoemulsion: A novel platform for drug delivery system. J. Mater. Sci. Nanotechnol. 2018 6 1 104
    [Google Scholar]
  102. Majeed A. Bashir R. Farooq S. Maqbool M. Preparation, characterization and applications of nanoemulsions: An insight. J. Drug Deliv. Ther. 2019 9 2 520 527 10.22270/jddt.v9i2.2410
    [Google Scholar]
  103. Pascual-Mathey L.I. Briones-Concha J.A. Jiménez M. Beristain C.I. Pascual-Pineda L.A. Elaboration of essential oil nanoemulsions of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and its effect on liver injury prevention. Food Bioprod. Process. 2022 134 46 55 10.1016/j.fbp.2022.04.006
    [Google Scholar]
  104. Al-Otaibi W.A. Alkhatib M.H. Wali A.N. Evaluation of antitumor activity and hepatoprotective effect of mitomycin C solubilized in chamomile oil nanoemulsion. Anticancer. Agents Med. Chem. 2019 19 10 1232 1242 10.2174/1871520619666190408114732 30961514
    [Google Scholar]
  105. Kassem A.A. Abd El-Alim S.H. Salman A.M. Mohammed M.A. Hassan N.S. El-Gengaihi S.E. Improved hepatoprotective activity of Beta vulgaris L. leaf extract loaded self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS): in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. 2020 46 10 1589 1603 10.1080/03639045.2020.1811303 32811211
    [Google Scholar]
  106. El-Sherbiny M. Eldosoky M. El-Shafey M. Othman G. Elkattawy H.A. Bedir T. Elsherbiny N.M. Vitamin D nanoemulsion enhances hepatoprotective effect of conventional vitamin D in rats fed with a high-fat diet. Chem. Biol. Interact. 2018 288 65 75 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.04.010 29653100
    [Google Scholar]
  107. Rathore C. Upadhyay N. Kaundal R. Dwivedi R.P. Rahatekar S. John A. Dua K. Tambuwala M.M. Jain S. Chaudari D. Negi P. Enhanced oral bioavailability and hepatoprotective activity of thymoquinone in the form of phospholipidic nano-constructs. Expert Opin. Drug Deliv. 2020 17 2 237 253 10.1080/17425247.2020.1716728 32003249
    [Google Scholar]
  108. Usmani A. Mishra A. Arshad M. Jafri A. Development and evaluation of doxorubicin self nanoemulsifying drug delivery system with Nigella Sativa oil against human hepatocellular carcinoma. Artif. Cells Nanomed. Biotechnol. 2019 47 1 933 944 10.1080/21691401.2019.1581791 30888204
    [Google Scholar]
  109. Yeşi̇ltepe O. Güler Çeli̇k E. Geyi̇k C. Gümüş Z.P. Odaci Demi̇rkol D. Coşkunol H. Ti̇mur S. Preparation of glutathione loaded nanoemulsions and testing of hepatoprotective activity on THLE-2 cells. Turk. J. Chem. 2021 45 2 436 451 10.3906/kim‑2007‑54 34104055
    [Google Scholar]
  110. Shakeel F. Alamer M.M. Alam P. Alshetaili A. Haq N. Alanazi F.K. Alshehri S. Ghoneim M.M. Alsarra I.A. Hepatoprotective effects of bioflavonoid luteolin using self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system. Molecules 2021 26 24 7497 10.3390/molecules26247497 34946581
    [Google Scholar]
  111. Alkhatib M.H. Alnahdi N.S. Backer W.S. Antitumor activity, hematoxicity and hepatotoxicity of sorafenib formulated in a nanoemulsion based on the carrot seed oil. Int. J. Life Sci. Pharma Res. 2018 8 50 57
    [Google Scholar]
  112. Kalam M.A. Raish M. Ahmed A. Alkharfy K.M. Mohsin K. Alshamsan A. Al-Jenoobi F.I. Al-Mohizea A.M. Shakeel F. Oral bioavailability enhancement and hepatoprotective effects of thymoquinone by self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system. Mater. Sci. Eng. C 2017 76 319 329 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.088 28482534
    [Google Scholar]
  113. Rathore C. Hemrajani C. Sharma A.K. Gupta P.K. Jha N.K. Aljabali A.A.A. Gupta G. Singh S.K. Yang J.C. Dwivedi R.P. Dua K. Chellappan D.K. Negi P. Tambuwala M.M. Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) mediated improved oral bioavailability of thymoquinone: Optimization, characterization, pharmacokinetic, and hepatotoxicity studies. Drug Deliv. Transl. Res. 2023 13 1 292 307 10.1007/s13346‑022‑01193‑8 35831776
    [Google Scholar]
  114. Khattab A. Hassanin L. Zaki N. Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system of coenzyme (Q10) with improved dissolution, bioavailability, and protective efficiency on liver fibrosis. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017 18 5 1657 1672 10.1208/s12249‑016‑0632‑x 27677262
    [Google Scholar]
  115. Tabassum H. Ahmad I.Z. Evaluation of the anticancer activity of sprout extract-loaded nanoemulsion of N. sativa against hepatocellular carcinoma. J. Microencapsul. 2018 35 7-8 643 656 10.1080/02652048.2019.1571641 30669915
    [Google Scholar]
  116. Al-Okbi S.Y. Mohamed D.A. Hamed T.E.S. Kassem A.A. El-Alim S.H.A. Mostafa D.M. Enhanced prevention of progression of non alcoholic fatty liver to steatohepatitis by incorporating pumpkin seed oil in nanoemulsions. J. Mol. Liq. 2017 225 822 832 10.1016/j.molliq.2016.10.138
    [Google Scholar]
  117. Alkhatib M.H. Alyamani S.A. Abdu F. Coconut oil nanoemulsion attenuates methotrexate-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma-bearing mice. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed. 2020 10 12 540 546 10.4103/2221‑1691.297053
    [Google Scholar]
  118. Nagi A. Iqbal B. Kumar S. Sharma S. Ali J. Baboota S. Quality by design based silymarin nanoemulsion for enhancement of oral bioavailability. J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol. 2017 40 35 44 10.1016/j.jddst.2017.05.019
    [Google Scholar]
  119. Ogino M. Yakushiji K. Suzuki H. Shiokawa K. Kikuchi H. Seto Y. Sato H. Onoue S. Enhanced pharmacokinetic behavior and hepatoprotective function of ginger extract-loaded supersaturable self-emulsifying drug delivery systems. J. Funct. Foods 2018 40 156 163 10.1016/j.jff.2017.08.035
    [Google Scholar]
  120. Adu-Frimpong M. Qiuyu W. Firempong C.K. Mukhtar Y.M. Yang Q. Omari-Siaw E. Lijun Z. Xu X. Yu J. Novel cuminaldehyde self-emulsified nanoemulsion for enhanced antihepatotoxicity in carbon tetrachloride-treated mice. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 2019 71 8 1324 1338 10.1111/jphp.13112 31168820
    [Google Scholar]
  121. Chatterjee B. Gorain B. Mohananaidu K. Sengupta P. Mandal U.K. Choudhury H. Targeted drug delivery to the brain via intranasal nanoemulsion: Available proof of concept and existing challenges. Int. J. Pharm. 2019 565 258 268 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.05.032 31095983
    [Google Scholar]
  122. Feng X. Shi Y. Zhang Y. Lei F. Ren R. Tang X. Opportunities and challenges for inhalable nanomedicine formulations in respiratory diseases: A review. Int. J. Nanomedicine 2024 19 1509 1538 10.2147/IJN.S446919 38384321
    [Google Scholar]
  123. Lu S. Zhang C. Wang J. Zhao L. Li G. Research progress in nano-drug delivery systems based on the characteristics of the liver cancer microenvironment. Biomed. Pharmacother. 2024 170 116059 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116059 38154273
    [Google Scholar]
  124. How Y.H. Lim E.M. Kong I. Kee P.E. Pui L.P. Development of carboxymethyl cellulose–chitosan based antibacterial films incorporating a Persicaria minor Huds. essential oil nanoemulsion. Sustainable Food Technology 2024 10.1039/D3FB00183K
    [Google Scholar]
  125. Yuniarsih N. Chaerunisaa A. Elamin K. Wathoni N. Polymeric nanohydrogel in topical drug delivery system. Int. J. Nanomedicine 2024 19 2733 2754 10.2147/IJN.S442123 38505165
    [Google Scholar]
  126. Miranda S.E.M. de Alcantara Lemos J. Ottoni F.M. Cassali G.D. Townsend D.M. de Aguiar Ferreira C. Alves R.J. Ferreira L.A.M. de Barros A.L.B. Preclinical evaluation of L-fucoside from lapachol-loaded nanoemulsion as a strategy to breast cancer treatment. Biomed. Pharmacother. 2024 170 116054 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116054 38150876
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/cnanom/10.2174/0124681873323497240922153222
Loading
/content/journals/cnanom/10.2174/0124681873323497240922153222
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error
Please enter a valid_number test