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Volume 15, Issue 1
  • ISSN: 2468-1873
  • E-ISSN: 2468-1881

Abstract

Background

Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) presents a significant challenge due to its aggressive nature and lack of responsive hormone receptors, predominantly affecting younger premenopausal women. Ethyl ferulate (EF), a notable phytochemical, has demonstrated promising anti-cancer properties. This study aimed to enhance the efficacy of EF by synthesizing and characterizing ethyl ferulate gold nanoparticles (EF-AuNps) to passively target TNBC cells the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect.

Methods

We synthesized EF-AuNps using a direct reduction method and characterized the NPs by employing various techniques, including UV-visible spectroscopy, DLS, XRD, EDX, TEM, and FT-IR. The anti-proliferative activity against MDA-MB-231 cells was assessed using MTT and colony formation assays, alongside evaluating cell viability with PI-FACS and live/dead assays. Furthermore, a Western blot was performed to determine the mechanism of action of EF-AuNps in TNBC cells.

Result

We successfully synthesized triangular EF-AuNps (<100nm) and observed a substantial inhibition of cell proliferation (IC 18µg/ml). Compared to EF alone, EF-AuNps significantly enhanced cell death in TNBC cells, as confirmed by flow cytometry and viability assays. Besides, Western blot analysis verified that the expression of apoptotic-related signal proteins, such as survivin, caspase 3, and caspase 9, were modulated by EF-AuNps.

Conclusion

EF-AuNps showed higher anti-cancer efficacy than EF in the MDA-MB-231 cell line. These findings suggest the therapeutic potential of EF-AuNps for TNBC treatment, advocating for further preclinical and clinical investigations into this promising anti-cancer formulation.

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2024-02-06
2024-12-25

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/content/journals/cnanom/10.2174/0124681873280022240130062923
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Biogenic Synthesis and Characterization of Ethyl Ferulate Gold Nanoparticle and its Efficacy against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells
Curr Nanomed 15, 80 (2025); https://doi.org/10.2174/0124681873280022240130062923
/content/journals/cnanom/10.2174/0124681873280022240130062923
/content/journals/cnanom/10.2174/0124681873280022240130062923
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  • Article Type:     Research Article
Keyword(s): ethyl ferulate; Gold nanoparticles; phytochemicals; triple-negative breast cancer

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