Current Chinese Computer Science - Volume 1, Issue 2, 2021

Genome-wide Association Studies (GWAS) give special insight into genetic differences and environmental influences that are part of different human disorders and provide prognostic help to increase the survival of patients. Lung diseases such as lung cancer, asthma, and tuberculosis are detected by analyzing Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) genetic variations. The key causes of lung-related diseases are genetic factors, environmental and social behaviors.

The epistasis effects act as a blueprint for the researchers to observe the genetic variation associated with lung diseases. The manual examination of the enormous genetic interactions is complicated to detect the lung syndromes for diagnosis of acute respiratory diseases. Due to its importance, several computational approaches have been modeled to infer epistasis effects. This article includes a comprehensive and multifaceted review of all the relevant genetic studies published between 2006 and 2020. In this critical review, various computational approaches are extensively discussed in detecting respondent epistasis effects for various lung diseases such as asthma, tuberculosis, lung cancer, and nicotine drug dependence.

The analysis shows that different computational models identified candidate genes such as CHRNA4, CHRNB2, BDNF, TAS2R16, TAS2R38, BRCA1, BRCA2, RAD21, IL4Ra, IL-13 and IL-1β, have important causes for genetic variants linked to pulmonary disease. These computational approaches' strengths and limitations are described. The issues behind the computational methods while identifying the lung diseases through epistasis effects and the parameters used by various researchers for their evaluation are also presented.

In the last few decades, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has been introduced aiming to bring more comfort to human life by integrating smartness into daily objects, resulting in the idea of the smart city. Guaranteeing the well-being of residents and assessing industry and urban planning from an ecological and sustainable perspective are the main goals for the smart city. Great potentials are brought to the public and civil areas by the Aerial Ad Hoc Network (AANET) concept, especially in applications that are risky to human lives. AANET, like any emerging technology, comes with many challenges that have to be overcome to be employed efficiently. In this paper, we make a detailed survey on current literature, standards, and projects of self-organizing AANET in smart cities. Also, we intend to present a profound knowledge of this active research area by identifying features, design characteristics, architectures, routing protocols, and security aspects for the design and implementation of self-organizing AANET. Furthermore, we discuss existing solutions, indicate assessment metrics along with current applications, and highlight the main research scope for further developments. This article surveys the work done toward AANET-related outstanding issues, intending to encourage further research in this field.

Background: In many applications of image processing, the enhancement of images is often a step necessary for their preprocessing. In general, for an enhanced image, the visual contrast as a whole and its refined local details are both crucial for achieving accurate results for subsequent classification or analysis.

Objective: This paper proposes a new approach for image enhancement such that the global and local visual effects of an enhanced image can both be significantly improved.

Methods: The approach utilizes the normalized incomplete Beta transform to map pixel intensities from an original image to its enhanced one. An objective function that consists of two parts is optimized to determine the parameters in the transform. One part of the objective function reflects the global visual effects in the enhanced image and the other one evaluates the enhanced visual effects on the most important local details in the original image. The optimization of the objective function is performed with an optimization technique based on the particle swarm optimization method.

Results: Experimental results show that the approach is suitable for the automatic enhancement of images.

Conclusion: The proposed approach can significantly improve both the global and visual contrasts of the image.

Aims: The aim of the Green Communication Infrastructure ‎‎(GCI) project is to understand the idea of a self ‎‎”sustainably” controlled correspondence foundation ‎fitting for smart city application fields. ‎

Background: This paper shows the endeavors to understand the idea of a ‎self “sustainably” energized communication foundation ‎fitting for smart city application fields. The recommended ‎Green Communication Infrastructure (CGI) comprises ‎different kinds of remote settled (or even versatile) hubs ‎performing diverse activities as per the application ‎requests. An imperative class of these hubs is the Wireless ‎Solar Router (WSR).

Objective: The work in this venture was begun in 2009 with the aim ‎of demonstrating the essential advances that must be taken to ‎accomplish such framework and proclaim the value of ‎embracing natural vitality assets in building mission ‎basic frameworks. Alternate destinations of this venture ‎are introducing a sensibly cost effective, solid, verified, and simple ‎to introduce correspondence foundation.‎

Methods: The arrangement to actualize the GCI was accomplished ‎after passing through two structural levels: device level and ‎system level.

Results: The suggested system is highly applicable and serves a wide ‎range of smart city application fields and hence many ‎people and organizations can utilize this system. ‎

Conclusion: The presence of a reliable, secured, low cost, easy to install ‎and self-powered communication infrastructure is ‎mandatory nowadays. The communities in ‎developing countries or in rural areas need such a system ‎ in order to communicate with other people in the ‎world which will their social and ‎economic situations positively.