Skip to content
2000
  1. Home
  2. A-Z Publications
  3. Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery
  4. Fast Track Articles
  5. Fast Track Article
image of West African Medicinal Plant Substances and Molecules Activities Against Viral Hepatitis B and Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Abstract

Background

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major global public health problem with devastating consequences, such as hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently, approved treatments are limited to interferon and nucleoside/nucleotide analogues for chronic hepatitis B and chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery for cancer. Both treatments have their limitations, making complete cure an elusive goal. Therefore, the identification of new therapeutic targets using medicinal plants and the development of new antiviral and anticancer strategies are of utmost importance.

Objective

The aim of this review is to identify from the literature the substances and molecules of West African flora involved in the fight against chronic hepatitis B and liver cancer and to provide a summary of their mechanisms of action.

Methods

Pubmed, HAL open science, and Google Scholar literature search engines were used to identify medicinal plants and molecules from the West African flora.

Results

Among West African countries, Gambia and Niger had the highest prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection, and 09 West African countries had high rates of liver cancer. A number of studies carried out in Mali, Benin, Senegal, and Burkina Faso enabled us to list anti-HBV and anticancer plants, as well as a number of molecules isolated from plants found in West African regions.

Conclusion

By offering a glimpse into the world of anti-HBV and anticancer molecules from West Africa, this review provides valuable information to support the future development of herbal antiviral and anticancer drugs.

© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/pra/10.2174/0115748928320670241011073848
2024-10-21
2024-11-30

  • From This Site

    /content/journals/pra/10.2174/0115748928320670241011073848
    dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
    -contentType:Contributor -contentType:Concept -contentType:Institution
    10
    5
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Mak L.Y. Yee L.J. Wong R.J. Ramers C.B. Frenette C. Hsu Y.C. Hepatocellular carcinoma among patients with chronic hepatitis B in the indeterminate phase. J. Viral Hepat. 2024 00 jvh.13914 10.1111/jvh.13914 38717914
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Shi Y. Zheng M. Hepatitis B virus persistence and reactivation. BMJ 2020 370 m2200 10.1136/bmj.m2200 32873599
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Burns G.S. Thompson A.J. Viral hepatitis B: Clinical and epidemiological characteristics. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med. 2014 4 12 a024935 10.1101/cshperspect.a024935 25359547
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Situation report on the implementation of the action framework global health sector strategy for prevention, care and treatment of viral hepatitis 2016-2021 in the african region. 2018 Available from: https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/276214/AFR-RC68-INF-DOC-6-fre.pdf
  5. Vignier N. Spira R.D. Lert F. Pannetier J. Ravalihasy A. Gosselin A. Lydié N. Bouchaud O. Desgrées du Loû A. Health care access of Sub-Saharan African migrants living with chronic hepatitis B. Sante Publique 2017 29 3 361 370 10.3917/spub.173.0361 28737357
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Deng W. Chen F. Zhao Y. Zhou M. Guo M. Anti-hepatitis B virus activities of natural products and their antiviral mechanisms. Chin. J. Nat. Med. 2023 21 11 803 811 10.1016/S1875‑5364(23)60505‑9 38035936
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Mattern C. Pourette D. Andriamandimby S.F. Rabarison J. Darsot A. Ralaizara B. Vray M. Shimakawa Y. Giles-Vernick T. Issues and difficulties in accessing treatments for the management of chronic hepatitis B in Madagascar: Qualitative study among caregivers and affected people. Rev. Epidemiol. Sante Publique 2023 71 4 102088 10.1016/j.respe.2023.102088 37352795
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Yamaki J. Venkata K.C.N. Mandal A. Bhattacharyya P. Bishayee A. Health-promoting and disease-preventive potential of Trianthema portulacastrum Linn. (Gadabani) — An Indian medicinal and dietary plant. J. Integr. Med. 2016 14 2 84 99 10.1016/S2095‑4964(16)60247‑9 26988430
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Sawadogo W.R. Schumacher M. Teiten M.H. Dicato M. Diederich M. Traditional West African pharmacopeia, plants and derived compounds for cancer therapy. Biochem. Pharmacol. 2012 84 10 1225 1240 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.07.021 22846603
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Ka O. Coume M. Diop C.T. Ngom N.F. Faye A. Leye M.M.M. Gaye A. Ndiaye A.A. Sow P.G. Seck I. Medicosocial survey of elderly people at the Ouakam gerontology and geriatrics center in Senegal. Npg, Neurol. Psychiatr. Geriatr. 2017 17 100 223 229 10.1016/j.npg.2016.12.002
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Nwidu L.L. Teme R.E. Hot aqueous leaf extract of Lasianthera africana (Icacinaceae) attenuates rifampicin-isoniazid-induced hepatotoxicity. J. Integr. Med. 2018 16 4 263 272 10.1016/j.joim.2018.05.001 29776838
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Tibiri A. Boria S. Traoré TK. Disease management liverworts and plants used by traditional practitioners in Burkina Faso. Biodiversity in Tropical Ecosystem IRD Editions 2021 211 224
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Lebossé F. Zoulim F. Hepatitis B vaccine and liver cancer. Bull. Cancer. 2021 108 1 90 101 10.1016/j.bulcan.2020.10.014
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Amaddeo G. Cao Q. Ladeiro Y. Imbeaud S. Nault J.C. Jaoui D. Gaston Mathe Y. Laurent C. Laurent A. Bioulac-Sage P. Calderaro J. Zucman-Rossi J. Integration of tumour and viral genomic characterisations in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinomas. Gut 2015 64 5 820 829 10.1136/gutjnl‑2013‑306228 25021421
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Xie B. Hao Q. Zhou X. Chen D. Inactivation of tumor suppressor TAp63 by hepatitis B virus X protein in hepatocellular carcinoma. Chin. Med. J. (Engl.) 2022 135 14 1728 1733 10.1097/CM9.0000000000002283 35950770
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Levrero M. Zucman-Rossi J. Mechanisms of HBV-induced hepatocellular carcinoma. J. Hepatol. 2016 64 1 Suppl. S84 S101 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.02.021 27084040
    [Google Scholar]
  17. An P. Xu J. Yu Y. Winkler C.A. Host and viral genetic variation in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Front. Genet. 2018 9 261 261 10.3389/fgene.2018.00261 30073017
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Alfaiate D. Clément S. Gomes D. Goossens N. Negro F. Chronic hepatitis D and hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. J. Hepatol. 2020 73 3 533 539 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.02.030 32151618
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Fofana D.B. Somboro A.M. Maiga M. Kampo M.I. Diakité B. Cissoko Y. McFall S.M. Hawkins C.A. Maiga A.I. Sylla M. Gozlan J. El-Sayed M.H. Morand-Joubert L. Murphy R.L. Diakité M. Holl J.L. Hepatitis B virus in west african children: Systematic review and meta-analysis of HIV and other factors associated with hepatitis B infection. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023 20 5 4142 10.3390/ijerph20054142 36901164
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Wongjarupong N. Yonli A.T. Nagalo B.M. Djigma F.W. Somda S.K. Hassan M.A. Mohamed E.A. Sorgho A.P. Compaore T.R. Soubeiga S.T. Kiendrebeogo I. Sanou M. Diarra B. Yang H.I. Chen C.J. Ouattara A.K. Zohoncon T.M. Martinson J.J. Buetow K. Chamcheu J.C. Antwi S.O. Borad M.J. Simpore J. Roberts L.R. Characteristics of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection with genotype E predominance in Burkina Faso. Hepatol. Commun. 2020 4 12 1781 1792 10.1002/hep4.1595 33305149
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Mendy M.E. Welzel T. Lesi O.A. Hainaut P. Hall A.J. Kuniholm M.H. McConkey S. Goedert J.J. Kaye S. Rowland-Jones S. Whittle H. Kirk G.D. Hepatitis B viral load and risk for liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in The Gambia, West Africa. J. Viral Hepat. 2010 17 2 115 122 10.1111/j.1365‑2893.2009.01168.x 19874478
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Abesig J. Chen Y. Wang H. Sompo F.M. Wu I.X.Y. Wu X.Y. Prevalence of viral hepatitis B in Ghana between 2015 and 2019: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2020 15 6 e0234348 10.1371/journal.pone.0234348 32530945
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Fardolo E.K. Cooper E.T. Wahome C.N. Kaly J.K. Puiyoe J.S. Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) among voluntary healthy blood donors at Tellewonyan Memorial Hospital Voinjama, Lofa County, Liberia. J. Biosci. Med. (Irvine) 2021 9 8 113 119 10.4236/jbm.2021.98010
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Katilé D. Konaté I. Goita D. Hbs antigen prevalence and virus serological profile hepatitis B in general medicine consultation at the hospital regional of Kayes in Mali. J. Med. Health Sci. 2018 19 4 16 19
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Mansour W. Malick F.Z.F. Sidiya A. Ishagh E. Chekaraou M.A. Veillon P. Ducancelle A. Brichler S. Le Gal F. Lo B. Gordien E. Lunel-Fabiani F. Prevalence, risk factors, and molecular epidemiology of hepatitis B and hepatitis delta virus in pregnant women and in patients in Mauritania. J. Med. Virol. 2012 84 8 1186 1198 10.1002/jmv.23336 22711346
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Ya’aba Y. Izebe K.S. Mohammed S.B. Chuku A. Abdulmumin A.R. Abarike M.C. Sero-prevalence of hepatitis B and C co-infection among HIV patients attending Lapai General Hospital, Niger State, Nigeria. DUJOPAS 2020 6 2 104 115
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Musa B.M. Bussell S. Borodo M.M. Samaila A.A. Femi O.L. Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in Nigeria, 2000-2013: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Niger. J. Clin. Pract. 2015 18 2 163 172 10.4103/1119‑3077.151035 25665986
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Maiga A. Prevalence of hepatitis B virus surface antigen carriage in subjects screened in the community in the Bamako district of Mali. Rev. Mali. Infect. Microbiol. 2024 19 1 10.53597/remim.v19i1.2791
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Lakoh S. García-Tardón N. Adekanmbi O. van der Valk M. Smith S.J. Grobusch M.P. Prevalence of viral hepatitis B and C in Sierra Leone—current knowledge and knowledge gaps: A narrative review. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 2021 115 10 1106 1113 10.1093/trstmh/trab054 33772308
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Gambogou B. Gbekley H.E. Bouacha M. Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus in rural and urban areas in Togo Preprints 1 8 2020 10.20944/preprints202001.0001.v1
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Hønge B.L. Olesen J.S. Jensen M.M. Jespersen S. da Silva Z.J. Rodrigues A. Laursen A.L. Wejse C. Krarup H. Aaby P. Erikstrup C. Hepatitis B and C in the adult population of Bissau, Guinea‐Bissau: A cross‐sectional survey. Trop. Med. Int. Health 2020 25 2 255 263 10.1111/tmi.13335 31746078
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Spearman CW. The burden of chronic liver disease in west Africa: A time for action. Lancet Glob. Health 2023 11 9 e1319 e1320
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Rebecca L. Mathieu L. Isabelle S. Ahmedin J. Freddie B. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J. Clin. 2021 71 3 209 249 33538338 10.3322/caac.21660
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Bray F. Ferlay J. Soerjomataram I. Siegel R.L. Torre L.A. Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J. Clin. 2018 68 6 394 424 10.3322/caac.21492 30207593
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Yang L.Y. Yang L.P. Zhu B. Clinicopathological characteristics and survival outcomes of invasive lobular carcinoma in different races. Oncotarget 2017 8 43 74287 74298 10.18632/oncotarget.19396 29088785
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Ladep N.G. Tognarelli J. Crossey M.E. Okeke E. Duguru M. Banwat E. Taylor-Robinson S. Reasons why West Africa continues to be a hotbed for hepatocellular carcinoma. Niger. Med. J. 2015 56 4 231 235 10.4103/0300‑1652.165032 26759504
    [Google Scholar]
  37. The Pharmacopeia of Medicinal Plants of West Africa West African Health Organization Ghana 2013
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Siddiqui M.H. Alamri S.A. Al-Whaibi M.H. Hussain Z. Ali H.M. El-Zaidy M.E. A mini-review of anti-hepatitis B virus activity of medicinal plants. Biotechnol. Biotechnol. Equip. 2017 31 1 9 15 10.1080/13102818.2016.1240593
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Djiguiba M. Evaluation of three recipes from the traditional trait of hepatitis B in Mali. Thesis, BVS Brazil
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Guinnin F.D.F. Sacramento T.I. Sezan A. Ategbo J.M. Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used in the traditional treatment of viral hepatitis B and C in some departments of Benin. Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 2015 9 3 1354 10.4314/ijbcs.v9i3.20
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Diatta K. Diatta W. Fall A.D. Dieng S.I.M. Mbaye A.I. Fall P.A. Traditionally used anti-hepatitis plants species in Dakar District, Senegal. European J. Med. Plants 2019 29 2 1 8 10.9734/ejmp/2019/v29i230150
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Eliasse Z. Roland M.N. Sami Eric K. Benjamin Koama K. Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used for viral hepatitis treatment in hauts-bassins areas of Burkina Faso. World J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci. 2021 10 3 10.17605/OSF.IO/ZQY7W
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Nicolas JP. Medicinal plants for family care in Burkina Faso 2009 Jardins du Monde
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Sawadogo M. Bangou M.J. Lema A. Thiombiano M.H. Ouoba H.Y. Ouoba B. Medicinal plants used in composition of anti-viral hepatitis recipes in Burkina Faso: Ethnobotanical study. Eur. J. Pharm. Res. 2022 2 2 1 10 10.24018/ejpharma.2022.2.2.34
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Sawadogo M. Bangou JB. Dakio B. Ethnobotanical survey on medicinal plants (Carica papaya L. and Agelanthus dodoneifolius (DC.) Polhill & Wiens) used in the treatment of Hepatitis in Burkina Faso, phytochemistry and antioxidant activity. 2021 World J. Pharm. Life Sci. 1 1 23 34 10.53346/wjapls.2021.1.1.0019
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Welch C.R. Chemistry and pharmacology of kinkéliba (Combretum micranthum), a West African medicinal plant. Thesis, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey 2010
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Roy S. Gorai D. Acharya R. Roy R. Combretum (combretaceae): Biological activity and phytochemistry. Indo Am. J. Pharm. Res. 2014 4 11 5266 5299
    [Google Scholar]
  48. Hama O. Kamou H. Ali Abdou M.M. Saley K. Ethnobotanical knowledge and uses of Combretum micranthum in the traditional pharmacopoeia of southwest Tahoua (Niger, West Africa). Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 2019 13 4 2173 2191 10.4314/ijbcs.v13i4.23
    [Google Scholar]
  49. Oussou K.F. Guclu G. Sevindik O. Kelebek H. Starowicz M. Selli S. GC-MS-olfactometric characterization of volatile and key odorants in moringa (Moringa oleifera) and kinkeliba (Combretum micranthum G. Don) herbal tea infusions prepared from cold and hot brewing. Separations 2022 10 1 10 10.3390/separations10010010
    [Google Scholar]
  50. Doumbia S. Denou A. Haidara M. Dembele D.L. Fofie N.G.B.Y. Sanogo R. A review on medicinal plants used in the management of liver diseases in West Africa. J. Pharm. Bioresour. 2023 20 2 56 73 10.4314/jpb.v20i2.1
    [Google Scholar]
  51. Yvars K. Study on traditional use plants in Dagara country. Thesis, University of Lille. 2019
    [Google Scholar]
  52. Kimpouni V. Lenga-Sacadura M.Y. Mamboueni J.C. Mikoko E.N. Phytodiversity and traditional pharmacopoeia of the kaamba community of Madingou (Bouenza - Congo). Eur. Sci. J. 2018 14 3 191 10.19044/esj.2018.v14n3p191
    [Google Scholar]
  53. Azad S. Tamarindo — Tamarindus indica. Exotic Fruits Academic Press 2018 403 412 10.1016/B978‑0‑12‑803138‑4.00055‑1
    [Google Scholar]
  54. Samarou M. Atakpama W. Batawila K. Akpagana K. State of knowledge on the tamarind tree (Tamarindus indica l.) (fabaceae). Afr. Agronomy 2022 34 2 313 323
    [Google Scholar]
  55. Amadou G. Abdou A. Socioeconomic perceptions and uses of tamarind tree (Tamarindus indica L.) in southwest Niger: Implications for domestication and sustainable conservation. J.Anim. Plant Sci. 2019 40 2 6584 6602
    [Google Scholar]
  56. Menezes APP. Trevisan SCC. Maria Barbalho S. Landgraf Guiguer E. Tamarindus indica L. A plant with multiple medicinal purposes. J. Pharmacogn. Phytochem. 2016 5 3 50 54
    [Google Scholar]
  57. Youssouf T. Phytomolecules of Terminalia macroptera stem bark extracts Guill et Perr (Combretaceae) and antibacterial activity. J. Pharmacogn. Phytochem. 2019 8 2 2255 2264
    [Google Scholar]
  58. Isah Laken I. Monday M. Phytochemical and antibacterial activity of Chrysanthellum indicum (linn) extracts. Afr. J. Environ. Nat. Sci. 2019 2 1 73 82
    [Google Scholar]
  59. Ignareki D.D. Dadji G.A.F. Younoussa L. Baudelaire E.N. Dicko A. Rup-Jacques S. Djapoum C.B.T. Nkondjio A. Tamesse J.L. Fomena A. Larvicidal efficacy of the combination of Citrus aurantiifolia (Rutaceae) and Lippia chevalieri (Verbenaceae) methanolic extracts against anopheles gambiae giles (Diptera culicidae), malaria vector. Int. J. Trop. Dis. Health 2023 44 13 9 20 10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i131448
    [Google Scholar]
  60. Yahaya A. Alhassan UG. Salihu IM. Mohammed JN. Hamza UI. Preliminary phytochemical screening and antimicrobial study of mistletoe (Agelanthus dodoneifolius) growing on shea butter tree (Vitellaria paradoxa). Tradit. J. Multidiscip. Sci. TJMS 2023 1 1 40
    [Google Scholar]
  61. Bhattacharya A. Chakraverty R. The pharmacological properties of Annona squamosa Linn: A Review. Int. J. Pharm. Eng. 2016 4 2 692 699
    [Google Scholar]
  62. Ojo O. Kengne M.H.K. Fotsing M.C. Mmutlane E.M. Ndinteh D.T. Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and other potential applications of Vitellaria paradoxa Gaertn. (Sapotaceae): A review. Arab. J. Chem. 2021 14 7 103213 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103213
    [Google Scholar]
  63. Abdul Motalib Momin M. Faysal Bellah S. Afrose A. Fatima Urmi K. Hamid K. Sohel Rana M. Phytochemical screening and cytotoxicity potential of ethanolic extracts of Senna siamea leaves. J. Pharm. Sci. Res. 2012 4 8 1877 1879
    [Google Scholar]
  64. Jodi SM. Adamu T. Abubakar U. Phytochemical and acute toxicity studies on the ethanol roots extract of Gardenia sokotensis. Sokoto J. Vet. Sci. 2008 7 2 68 70
    [Google Scholar]
  65. Somanah J. Ramsaha S. Verma S. Kumar A. Sharma P. Singh R.K. Aruoma O.I. Bourdon E. Bahorun T. Fermented papaya preparation modulates the progression of N -methyl- N -nitrosourea induced hepatocellular carcinoma in Balb/c mice. Life Sci. 2016 151 330 338 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.03.026 26979773
    [Google Scholar]
  66. Gbonsou I.A. Badjrêhou Badou R. Gbèwonmèdéa Dassou H. Mèdéhouénou T.C.M. Edorh P.A. ethnobotanical knowledge of the Soursop tree (Annona muricata L.) in southern Benin. J. Anim. Plant Sci. 2020 44 3 10.35759/JAnmPlSci.v44‑3.5
    [Google Scholar]
  67. Parvez M.K. Al-Dosari M.S. Arbab A.H. Al-Rehaily A.J. Abdelwahid M.A.S. Bioassay-guided isolation of anti-hepatitis B virus flavonoid myricetin-3-O-rhamnoside along with quercetin from Guiera senegalensis leaves. Saudi Pharm. J. 2020 28 5 550 559 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.03.006 32435135
    [Google Scholar]
  68. Tsukamoto Y. Ikeda S. Uwai K. Taguchi R. Chayama K. Sakaguchi T. Narita R. Yao W.L. Takeuchi F. Otakaki Y. Watashi K. Wakita T. Kato H. Fujita T. Rosmarinic acid is a novel inhibitor for Hepatitis B virus replication targeting viral epsilon RNA-polymerase interaction. PLoS One 2018 13 5 e0197664 10.1371/journal.pone.0197664 29782545
    [Google Scholar]
  69. Liu C. Cai D. Zhang L. Tang W. Yan R. Guo H. Chen X. Identification of hydrolyzable tannins (punicalagin, punicalin and geraniin) as novel inhibitors of hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA. Antiviral Res. 2016 134 97 107 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.08.026 27591143
    [Google Scholar]
  70. Bhat S.A. Hasan S.K. Parray Z.A. Siddiqui Z.I. Ansari S. Anwer A. Khan S. Amir F. Mehmankhah M. Islam A. Minuchehr Z. Kazim S.N. Potential antiviral activities of chrysin against hepatitis B virus. Gut Pathog. 2023 15 1 11 10.1186/s13099‑023‑00531‑6 36895013
    [Google Scholar]
  71. Mouler Rechtman M. Har-Noy O. Bar-Yishay I. Fishman S. Adamovich Y. Shaul Y. Halpern Z. Shlomai A. Curcumin inhibits hepatitis B virus via down‐regulation of the metabolic coactivator PGC‐1α. FEBS Lett. 2010 584 11 2485 2490 10.1016/j.febslet.2010.04.067 20434445
    [Google Scholar]
  72. Nwodo J.N. Ibezim A. Simoben C.V. Ntie-Kang F. Exploring cancer therapeutics with natural products from African medicinal plants, Part II: Alkaloids, terpenoids and flavonoids. Anticancer. Agents Med. Chem. 2016 16 1 108 127 10.2174/1871520615666150520143827 25991425
    [Google Scholar]
  73. Aljofan M. Netter H.J. Aljarbou A.N. Hadda T.B. Orhan I.E. Sener B. Mungall B.A. Anti-hepatitis B activity of isoquinoline alkaloids of plant origin. Arch. Virol. 2014 159 5 1119 1128 10.1007/s00705‑013‑1937‑7 24311152
    [Google Scholar]
  74. Nguemo Dongock D. Laohudumaye Bonyo A. Mapongmestem P.M. Bayegone E. Ethnobotanical and phytochemical study of medicinal plants used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in Moundou (Chad). Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 2018 12 1 203 10.4314/ijbcs.v12i1.16
    [Google Scholar]
  75. Derbré S. Lamassiaude-Peyramaure S. Place of alternative therapies in the management of allergies. Actual. Pharm. 2010 49 497 46 48 10.1016/S0515‑3700(10)70728‑X
    [Google Scholar]
  76. European agency for the evaluation of drugs. 1995 Available from: https://www.hcsp.fr/docspdf/adsp/adsp-11/ad111012.pdf
  77. Ouedraogo S. Yoda J. Traore TK. Production of raw materials and manufacturing of drugs from medicinal plants. Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 2021 15 2 10.4314/ijbcs.v15i2.28
    [Google Scholar]
  78. WHO guidelines on good manufacturing practices (GMP) for herbal medicines. 2007 Available from: https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/43672/9789241547161_eng.pdf(Accessed on: Sep. 14, 2024)
/content/journals/pra/10.2174/0115748928320670241011073848
Loading
West African Medicinal Plant Substances and Molecules Activities Against Viral Hepatitis B and Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Bentham Science Publishers ; https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748928320670241011073848
/content/journals/pra/10.2174/0115748928320670241011073848
/content/journals/pra/10.2174/0115748928320670241011073848
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Supplements

Supplementary material is available on the publisher's website along with the published article.

file format download Download

  • Article Type:     Review Article
Keywords: West African medicinal plant ; chronic infection ; Hepatitis B virus ; hepatocellular carcinoma ; molecules

Most Cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error
Please enter a valid_number test