Response Surface Methodology Towards Optimization of Calotropis Procera Essential Oil Extraction by Using Supercritical CO2

Aim: In this research, we aim to investigation on the extraction of essential oil from Calotropis Procera with the family name of Asclepiadaceae, by supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) solvent. Objective: The comparison of the yield and chemical profile of the extracts achieved by this method with those resulted by the conventional Hydro distillation method. Methods: The extraction experiments were carried out in a bench-scale SC-CO2 unit. The effects of temperature, pressure, and extraction time on the oil yield are considered for investigation. The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with Central Composite Design (CCD) was employed to optimize the process parameters of CO2 supercritical extraction (SCE) of the Calotropis Procera. In this experimental design, the design was required 19 experiments with eight (23) factorial points and five replications of the center. Results: Results showed that the data were sufficiently fitted into the second-order polynomial model. The extraction conditions, including pressure, temperature, and extraction time, were studied between 150-200 bar, 40-50 ºC, and 50-100 min, respectively. Conclusion: The optimal conditions are achieved as the temperature of 47.19ºC, the pressure of 172.2 bar, and time of 86 minutes with the retrieval rate of 31.39%.