Physiologic Effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa (Sorrel) on Biological Systems: Advances in Sorrel Research

Background: Hibiscus sabdariffa (sorrel) is a member of the hibiscus genus and Malvaceae family. An important attribute is its therapeutic characteristic, which has been validated by research that shows some success in treating several diseases. Objective: Owing to limited information and research deficits, this study aimed to investigate the physiologic effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa on biological systems and the advances made in the last century. Methods: PubMed Central search for “Hibiscus sabdariffa OR sorrel” was conducted from November 2021 to March 2022, covering articles from 1921 to 2020. The results were documented in Microsoft Excel 2016 and grouped based on physiological systems. Results: Sorrel research publications mushroomed in the last decade. Studies from 1921-2010 reported on the endocrine and cardiovascular systems, while additional biological systems (nervous, urinary, gastrointestinal, integumentary, hematopoietic, reproductive, and skeletal) were later investigated. Sorrel positively treated diabetes, hypertension, and a multitude of other illnesses due to its antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory potential, chiefly via its anthocyanins. Hypertension was mostly reported, predominantly from Nigeria (Africa), and toxicity exceeded 2000 mg/kg b.w. Conclusion: Sorrel has multifaceted uses, mostly involving hypertension treatment. Despite increased publications and advances in research, all areas of physiology still require sorrel research, especially in the Caribbean, which lacked publication, amidst Jamaica being known for the consumption of sorrel drink.