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  5. Volume 24, Issue 22, 2024

Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry - Volume 24, Issue 22, 2024

Volume 24, Issue 22

Volume 24, Issue 22, 2024

    • The Fruits: A Review on Phytochemistry Traditional Uses, Bioactive Composition and Pharmacological Activities

      https://doi.org/10.2174/0115680266321320240708060327

      , popularly mentioned as amla or Indian gooseberry, has attracted a lot of interest lately because of its varied phytochemical makeup and related pharmacological properties. The phytochemistry, historical applications, bioactive makeup, and pharmacological properties of fruits are all summarised in this paper. This review emphasises the rich phytochemical profile of , which contains flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, and polyphenolic chemicals, through a thorough assessment of the literature. Furthermore, the historical value of as a therapeutic agent for a variety of health issues is shown by its traditional applications in numerous indigenous medical systems. The bioactive makeup of fruits, especially its high polyphenol and vitamin C content, is responsible for its hepatoprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory qualities. Moreover, new pharmacological research has clarified its potential for the cure of neurological illnesses, tumor, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. In order to shed light on the pharmacological properties of fruits and suggest future avenues for study, this review compiles the body of scientific data that is already accessible. All things considered, shows great promise as a natural resource with significant applications in complementary and alternative medicine and pharmacological research.

    • Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Antioxidant Derivatives: Pharmacological Insights for Neurological Disorders

      https://doi.org/10.2174/0115680266305736240725052825

      Neurological disorders, characterized by oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation, have become a major global health concern. Redox reactions play a vital role in regulating the balance of the neuronal microenvironment. Specifically, the imbalance leads to a significant weakening of the organism's natural defensive mechanisms. This, in turn, causes the development of harmful oxidative stress, which plays a crucial role in the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. The quest for effective therapeutic agents has led to significant advancements in the synthesis of antioxidant derivatives. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent developments in the use of novel antioxidant compounds with potential pharmacological applications in the management of neurological disorders. The discussed compounds encompass a diverse range of chemical structures, including polyphenols, vitamins, flavonoids, and hybrid molecules, highlighting their varied mechanisms of action. This review also focuses on the mechanism of oxidative stress in developing neurodegenerative disease. The neuroprotective effects of these antioxidant derivatives are explored in the context of specific neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease. The ultimate goal is to provide effective treatments for these debilitating conditions and improve the quality of life for patients.

    • The Search for Drugs Derived from Natural Products for Infection Treatment in the Last 20 Years - A Systematic Review

      https://doi.org/10.2174/0115680266299409240606062235
      Introduction

      Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide distributed zoonosis caused by (), an obligate intracellular protozoan. The infection in immunocompetent hosts usually progresses with mild or no symptoms. However, in immunocompromised individuals, this disease can cause severe or fatal symptoms.

      Methods

      Sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine are two drugs used as standard therapies for human toxoplasmosis. Although they do not cause chronic infection, they may cause hematological toxicity, hypersensitivity, intolerance, teratogenic effects, gastrointestinal disorders, and bone marrow suppression.

      Results

      The limited effect, significant toxicity, and emerging resistance to current drugs available to treat infections require investigating other effective, nontoxic, and well-tolerated alternatives. Medicinal plants are, traditionally, the most promising sources used to treat infectious diseases.

      Conclusion

      This review provides data on new therapeutic and prophylactic methods for infection based on the use of extracts and/or compounds derived from natural products, which have been reported to be useful as alternative treatment options in the last 20 years.

    • Formulation of Garlic Essential Oil-assisted Silver Nanoparticles and Mechanistic Evaluation of their Antimicrobial Activity against a Spectrum of Pathogenic Microorganisms

      https://doi.org/10.2174/0115680266322180240712055727
      Background

      The synthesis of nanoparticles using the principle of green chemistry has achieved huge potential in nanomedicine. Here, we report the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) employing garlic essential oil (GEO) due to wide applications of GEO in the biomedical and pharmaceutical industry.

      Objective

      This study aimed to synthesise garlic essential oil-assisted silver nanoparticles and present their antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities with mechanistic assessment.

      Methods

      Initially, the formulation of AgNPs was confirmed using different optical techniques, such as XRD, FT-IR, DLS, zeta potential, SEM, and EDX analysis, which confirmed the formulation of well-dispersed, stable, and spherical AgNPs. The antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of GEO-assisted AgNPs was evaluated against a spectrum of pathogenic microorganisms, such as Gram-positive ( and ) and Gram-negative ( and ) bacteria.

      Results

      The AgNPs exhibited remarkable antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity against all tested strains. The mechanism behind the antimicrobial activity of AgNPs was explored by estimating the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated due to the interaction of AgNP with bacterial cells and observing the morphological changes of bacteria upon AgNP interaction.

      Conclusion

      The findings of this study concluded that ROS generation due to the interaction of AgNPs with bacterial cells put stress on bacterial membranes, altering the morphology of bacteria, exhibiting remarkable antimicrobial activity, and preventing biofilm formation.

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