Skip to content
2000
  1. Home
  2. A-Z Publications
  3. Current Protein and Peptide Science
  4. Fast Track Articles
  5. Fast Track Article
image of Advances in Migraine Treatment: A Comprehensive Clinical Review

Abstract

Migraine is a neurological disease that, while not inherently causing “chronic headaches,” can evolve into a chronic condition over time including major symptoms such as nausea, and light, sound, and allodynia, particularly in cases of frequent episodic migraine or due to factors such as medication overuse or inadequate management. This condition's complex pathophysiology makes treatment difficult. Genetics, trigeminovascular system activation, and cortical spreading depression are involved. Epidemiological research estimates that one in seven persons worldwide are affected, mostly women. Migraine prevalence has increased dramatically in recent decades; however, it varies by demographic and location. This review covers pharmaceutical and non-pharmacological migraine therapy methods and their future. Second-generation triptans have reduced side effects and administration issues, however, Zolmitriptan and Sumatriptan still treat migraines. Monoclonal antibodies that target calcitonin gene-related peptides may prevent migraines; however, their accessibility and safety are problems. Antiepileptics, beta-blockers, and neuromodulation devices are also available. Wearable technology offers customized monitoring and intervention. Precision medicine and gene-based medicines provide hope for tailored migraine treatments, but access, privacy, and informed consent raises ethical concerns. Stakeholder engagement must promote patient autonomy and well-being, responsible implementation, and equal access to novel therapies. A holistic and multidisciplinary approach is needed to manage migraines, taking into consideration present and future therapy developments and new challenges. Research, collaboration, and ethics can improve migraine outcomes and quality of life.

© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/cpps/10.2174/0113892037329429241123095325
2025-01-10
2025-05-23

  • From This Site

    /content/journals/cpps/10.2174/0113892037329429241123095325
    dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
    -contentType:Contributor -contentType:Concept -contentType:Institution
    10
    5
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Steiner T.J. Husøy A. Stovner L.J. GBD2021: Headache disorders and global lost health – A focus on children, and a view forward. J. Headache Pain 2024 25 1 91 10.1186/s10194‑024‑01795‑2 38831407
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Mayans L. Walling A. Acute migraine headache: Treatment strategies. Am. Fam. Physician 2018 97 4 243 251 29671521
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Peters G.L. Migraine overview and summary of current and emerging treatment options. Am. J. Manag. Care 2019 25 Suppl 2 S23 S34 30681821
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Deligianni C.I. Sacco S. Ekizoglu E. Uluduz D. Gil-Gouveia R. MaassenVanDenBrink A. Ornello R. Sanchez-del-Rio M. Reuter U. Versijpt J. de Vries T. Hussain M. Zeraatkar D. Lampl C. European Headache Federation (EHF) critical re-appraisal and meta-analysis of oral drugs in migraine prevention - Part 2: flunarizine. J. Headache Pain 2023 24 1 128 10.1186/s10194‑023‑01657‑3 37723437
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Lampl C. Versijpt J. Amin F.M. Deligianni C.I. Gil-Gouveia R. Jassal T. MaassenVanDenBrink A. Ornello R. Paungarttner J. Sanchez-del-Rio M. Reuter U. Uluduz D. de Vries T. Zeraatkar D. Sacco S. European Headache Federation (EHF) critical re-appraisal and meta-analysis of oral drugs in migraine prevention - Part 1: Amitriptyline. J. Headache Pain 2023 24 1 39 10.1186/s10194‑023‑01573‑6 37038134
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Raffaelli B. García-Azorín D. Boucherie D.M. Amin F.M. Deligianni C.I. Gil-Gouveia R. Kirsh S. Lampl C. Sacco S. Uluduz D. Versijpt J. MaassenVanDenBrink A. Zeraatkar D. Sanchez-del-Rio M. Reuter U. European Headache Federation (EHF) critical reappraisal and meta-analysis of oral drugs in migraine prevention – Part 3: topiramate. J. Headache Pain 2023 24 1 134 10.1186/s10194‑023‑01671‑5 37814223
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Versijpt J. Deligianni C. Hussain M. Amin F. Reuter U. Sanchez-del-Rio M. Uluduz D. Boucherie D. Zeraatkar D. MaassenVanDenBrink A. Sacco S. Lampl C. Gil-Gouveia R. European Headache Federation (EHF) critical re-appraisal and meta-analysis of oral drugs in migraine prevention - Part 4: propranolol. J. Headache Pain 2024 25 1 119 10.1186/s10194‑024‑01826‑y 39044170
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Grazzi L. Giossi R. Montisano D.A. Canella M. Marcosano M. Altamura C. Vernieri F. Real-world effectiveness of Anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies compared to OnabotulinumtoxinA (RAMO) in chronic migraine: A retrospective, observational, multicenter, cohort study. J. Headache Pain 2024 25 1 14 10.1186/s10194‑024‑01721‑6 38308209
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Menshawy A. Ahmed H. Ismail A. Abushouk A.I. Ghanem E. Pallanti R. Negida A. Intranasal sumatriptan for acute migraine attacks: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurol. Sci. 2018 39 1 31 44 10.1007/s10072‑017‑3119‑y 28942578
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Tfelt-Hansen P.C. Published and not fully published double-blind, randomised, controlled trials with oral naratriptan in the treatment of migraine: A review based on the GSK Trial Register. J. Headache Pain 2011 12 4 399 403 10.1007/s10194‑011‑0327‑3 21437713
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Charlesworth B. Dowson A.J. Review of zolmitriptan and its clinical applications in migraine. Expert Opin. Pharmacother. 2002 3 7 993 1005 10.1517/14656566.3.7.993 12083998
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Bigal M.E. Kurth T. Hu H. Santanello N. Lipton R.B. Migraine and cardiovascular disease. Neurology 2009 72 21 1864 1871 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181a71220 19470970
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Wang Y.F. Wang S.J. Hypertension and migraine: Time to revisit the evidence. Curr. Pain Headache Rep. 2021 25 9 58 10.1007/s11916‑021‑00976‑x 34269909
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Lipton R.B. Croop R. Stock D.A. Madonia J. Forshaw M. Lovegren M. Mosher L. Coric V. Goadsby P.J. Safety, tolerability, and efficacy of zavegepant 10 mg nasal spray for the acute treatment of migraine in the USA: A phase 3, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled multicentre trial. Lancet Neurol. 2023 22 3 209 217 10.1016/S1474‑4422(22)00517‑8 36804093
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Croop R. Goadsby P.J. Stock D.A. Conway C.M. Forshaw M. Stock E.G. Coric V. Lipton R.B. Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of rimegepant orally disintegrating tablet for the acute treatment of migraine: A randomised, phase 3, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2019 394 10200 737 745 10.1016/S0140‑6736(19)31606‑X 31311674
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Whealy M. Becker W.J. The 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D agonists in acute migraine therapy: Ergotamine, dihydroergotamine, and the triptans. Handb. Clin. Neurol. 2024 199 17 42 10.1016/B978‑0‑12‑823357‑3.00008‑2 38307644
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Ong J.J.Y. De Felice M. Migraine treatment: Current acute medications and their potential mechanisms of action. Neurotherapeutics 2018 15 2 274 290 10.1007/s13311‑017‑0592‑1 29235068
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Poole R.K. Poole D.H. Impact of ergot alkaloids on female reproduction in domestic livestock species. Toxins (Basel) 2019 11 6 364 10.3390/toxins11060364 31234268
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Duong S. Bozzo P. Nordeng H. Einarson A. Safety of triptans for migraine headaches during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Can. Fam. Physician 2010 56 6 537 539 20547518
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Masenga S.K. Kirabo A. Hypertensive heart disease: Risk factors, complications and mechanisms. Front. Cardiovasc. Med. 2023 10 1205475 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1205475 37342440
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Pakfetrat M. Rasekhi A. Eftekhari F. Hashemi N. Roozbeh J. Torabineghad S. Malekmakan L. Ergotamine-induced acute tubulo-interstitial nephritis. Saudi J. Kidney Dis. Transpl. 2013 24 5 981 983 10.4103/1319‑2442.118100 24029265
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Clausen M.F. Rørth R. Torp-Pedersen C. Westergaard L.M. Weeke P.E. Gislason G. Køber L. Fosbøl E. Kristensen S.L. Incidence of heart valve disease in women treated with the ergot-derived dopamine agonist bromocriptine. BMC Cardiovasc. Disord. 2021 21 1 622 10.1186/s12872‑021‑02439‑y 34963443
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Oliveira R. Gil-Gouveia R. Puledda F. CGRP-targeted medication in chronic migraine - Systematic review. J. Headache Pain 2024 25 1 51 10.1186/s10194‑024‑01753‑y 38575868
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Schoenen J. Van Dycke A. Versijpt J. Paemeleire K. Ten open questions in migraine prophylaxis with monoclonal antibodies blocking the calcitonin-gene related peptide pathway: A narrative review. J. Headache Pain 2023 24 1 99 10.1186/s10194‑023‑01637‑7 37528353
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Negro A. Martelletti P. Patient selection for migraine preventive treatment with anti-CGRP(r) monoclonal antibodies. Expert Rev. Neurother. 2019 19 8 769 776 10.1080/14737175.2019.1621749 31109209
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Muddam M.R. Obajeun O.A. Abaza A. Jaramillo A.P. Sid Idris F. Anis Shaikh H. Vahora I. Moparthi K.P. Al Rushaidi M.T. Nath T.S. Efficacy and safety of anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) monoclonal antibodies in preventing migraines: A systematic review. Cureus 2023 15 9 e45560 10.7759/cureus.45560 37868560
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Mavridis T. Deligianni C. Karagiorgis G. Daponte A. Breza M. Mitsikostas D. Monoclonal antibodies targeting CGRP: From clinical studies to real-world evidence - What do we know so far? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021 14 7 700 10.3390/ph14070700 34358126
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Shah T. Bedrin K. Tinsley A. Calcitonin gene relating peptide inhibitors in combination for migraine treatment: A mini-review. Front Pain Res. (Lausanne) 2023 4 1130239 10.3389/fpain.2023.1130239
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Silberstein S.D. Preventive migraine treatment. Continuum (Minneap. Minn.) 2015 21 4 Headache) 973 989 10.1212/CON.0000000000000199 26252585
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Johnson B. Freitag F.G. New approaches to shifting the migraine treatment paradigm. Front. Pain Res. (Lausanne) 2022 3 873179 10.3389/fpain.2022.873179
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Deen M. Correnti E. Kamm K. Kelderman T. Papetti L. Rubio-Beltrán E. Vigneri S. Edvinsson L. Maassen Van Den Brink A. Blocking CGRP in migraine patients – A review of pros and cons. J. Headache Pain 2017 18 1 96 10.1186/s10194‑017‑0807‑1 28948500
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Assas M.B. Anti-migraine agents from an immunological point of view. J. Transl. Med. 2021 19 1 23 10.1186/s12967‑020‑02681‑6 33407608
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Sangalli L. Brazzoli S. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-targeted treatments - New therapeutic technologies for migraine. Future Pharmacol. 2023 3 1 117 131 10.3390/futurepharmacol3010008
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Lampl C. MaassenVanDenBrink A. Deligianni C.I. Gil-Gouveia R. Jassal T. Sanchez-del-Rio M. Reuter U. Uluduz D. Versijpt J. Zeraatkar D. Sacco S. The comparative effectiveness of migraine preventive drugs: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. J. Headache Pain 2023 24 1 56 10.1186/s10194‑023‑01594‑1 37208596
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Favoni V. Giani L. Al-Hassany L. Asioli G.M. Butera C. de Boer I. Guglielmetti M. Koniari C. Mavridis T. Vaikjärv M. Verhagen I. Verzina A. Zick B. Martelletti P. Sacco S. CGRP and migraine from a cardiovascular point of view: What do we expect from blocking CGRP? J. Headache Pain 2019 20 1 27 10.1186/s10194‑019‑0979‑y 30866804
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Raffaelli B. Terhart M. Overeem L.H. Mecklenburg J. Neeb L. Steinicke M. Reuter U. Migraine evolution after the cessation of CGRP (-receptor) antibody prophylaxis: A prospective, longitudinal cohort study. Cephalalgia 2022 42 4-5 326 334 10.1177/03331024211046617
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Tzankova V. Becker W.J. Chan T.L.H. Pharmacologic prevention of migraine. CMAJ 2023 195 5 E187 E192 10.1503/cmaj.221607
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Biscetti L. Cresta E. Cupini L.M. Calabresi P. Sarchielli P. The putative role of neuroinflammation in the complex pathophysiology of migraine: From bench to bedside. Neurobiol. Dis. 2023 180 106072 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106072 36907522
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Malhotra R. Understanding migraine: Potential role of neurogenic inflammation. Ann. Indian Acad. Neurol. 2016 19 2 175 182 10.4103/0972‑2327.182302 27293326
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Lionetto L. Cipolla F. Guglielmetti M. Martelletti P. Fremanezumab for the prevention of chronic and episodic migraine. Drugs Today 2019 55 4 265-276 276 10.1358/dot.2019.55.4.2970909
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Mulleners W.M. Kim B.K. Láinez M.J.A. Lanteri-Minet M. Pozo-Rosich P. Wang S. Tockhorn-Heidenreich A. Aurora S.K. Nichols R.M. Yunes-Medina L. Detke H.C. Safety and efficacy of galcanezumab in patients for whom previous migraine preventive medication from two to four categories had failed (CONQUER): A multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3b trial. Lancet Neurol. 2020 19 10 814 825 10.1016/S1474‑4422(20)30279‑9 32949542
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Ashina M. Lanteri-Minet M. Pozo-Rosich P. Ettrup A. Christoffersen C.L. Josiassen M.K. Phul R. Sperling B. Safety and efficacy of eptinezumab for migraine prevention in patients with two-to-four previous preventive treatment failures (DELIVER): A multi-arm, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3b trial. Lancet Neurol. 2022 21 7 597 607 10.1016/S1474‑4422(22)00185‑5 35716692
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Holzer P. Holzer-Petsche U. Constipation caused by anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide migraine therapeutics explained by antagonism of calcitonin gene-related peptide’s motor-stimulating and prosecretory function in the intestine. Front. Physiol. 2022 12 820006 10.3389/fphys.2021.820006 35087426
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Rivera-Mancilla E. Villalón C.M. MaassenVanDenBrink A. CGRP inhibitors for migraine prophylaxis: A safety review. Expert Opin. Drug Saf. 2020 19 10 1237 1250 10.1080/14740338.2020.1811229 32811190
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Pallapothu M.R. Quintana Mariñez M.G. Chakkera M. Ravi N. Ramaraju R. Vats A. Nair A.R. Bandhu A.K. Koirala D. Mohammed L. Long-Term management of migraine with onabotulinumtoxinA (Botox) vs calcitonin gene-related peptide antibodies (Anti-CGRP). Cureus 2023 15 10 e46696 10.7759/cureus.46696 38021691
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Hubig L.T. Smith T. Chua G.N. Lloyd A.J. Powell L. Johnston K. Harris L. L’Italien G. Coric V. Lo S.H. A stated preference survey to explore patient preferences for novel preventive migraine treatments. Headache 2022 62 9 1187 1197 10.1111/head.14386 36047857
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Nguyen J.L. Munshi K. Peasah S.K. Swart E.C.S. Kohli M. Henderson R. Good C.B. Trends in utilization and costs of migraine medications, 2017–2020. J. Headache Pain 2022 23 1 111 10.1186/s10194‑022‑01476‑y 36031609
    [Google Scholar]
  48. Shaterian N. Shaterian N. Ghanaatpisheh A. Abbasi F. Daniali S. Jahromi M.J. Sanie M.S. Abdoli A. Botox (OnabotulinumtoxinA) for treatment of migraine symptoms: A systematic review. Pain Res. Manag. 2022 2022 1 15 10.1155/2022/3284446 35401888
    [Google Scholar]
  49. Becker W.J. Botulinum toxin in the treatment of headache. Toxins (Basel) 2020 12 12 803 10.3390/toxins12120803 33348571
    [Google Scholar]
  50. Giri S. Tronvik E. Linde M. Pedersen S.A. Hagen K. Randomized controlled studies evaluating Topiramate, Botulinum toxin type A, and mABs targeting CGRP in patients with chronic migraine and medication overuse headache: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cephalalgia 2023 43 4 10.1177/03331024231156922
    [Google Scholar]
  51. Corasaniti M.T. Bagetta G. Nicotera P. Tarsitano A. Tonin P. Sandrini G. Lawrence G.W. Scuteri D. Safety of Onabotulinumtoxin A in chronic migraine: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Toxins (Basel) 2023 15 5 332 10.3390/toxins15050332 37235366
    [Google Scholar]
  52. Frank F. Ulmer H. Sidoroff V. Broessner G. CGRP-antibodies, topiramate and botulinum toxin type A in episodic and chronic migraine: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cephalalgia 2021 41 11-12 1222 1239 10.1177/03331024211018137
    [Google Scholar]
  53. Durham P.L. Cady R. Insights into the mechanism of onabotulinumtoxinA in chronic migraine. Headache 2011 51 10 1573 1577 10.1111/j.1526‑4610.2011.02022.x 22082429
    [Google Scholar]
  54. Burstein R. Blumenfeld A.M. Silberstein S.D. Manack Adams A. Brin M.F. Mechanism of action of OnabotulinumtoxinA in chronic migraine: A narrative review. Headache 2020 60 7 1259 1272 10.1111/head.13849 32602955
    [Google Scholar]
  55. Giuliano F. Denys P. Joussain C. Safety and effectiveness of repeated botulinum toxin a intracavernosal injections in men with erectile dysfunction unresponsive to approved pharmacological treatments: Real-world observational data. Toxins (Basel) 2023 15 6 382 10.3390/toxins15060382 37368683
    [Google Scholar]
  56. Dhengare A.S. Fulmali D.G. The development of psychiatric illness and chemoprophylaxis of botulinum toxin in migraine: A narrative review. Cureus 2022 14 12 e32998 10.7759/cureus.32998 36712737
    [Google Scholar]
  57. Witmanowski H. Błochowiak K. The whole truth about botulinum toxin – A review. Postepy Dermatol. Alergol. 2020 37 6 853 861 10.5114/ada.2019.82795 33603602
    [Google Scholar]
  58. English R.S. Ruiz S. Use of botulinum toxin for androgenic alopecia: A systematic review. Skin Appendage Disord. 2022 8 2 93 100 10.1159/000518574 35415183
    [Google Scholar]
  59. Moore R.A. Wiffen P.J. Derry S. Maguire T. Roy Y.M. Tyrrell L. Non-prescription (OTC) oral analgesics for acute pain - an overview of Cochrane reviews. Cochrane Libr. 2015 2015 11 CD010794 10.1002/14651858.CD010794.pub2 26544675
    [Google Scholar]
  60. Suthisisang C.C. Poolsup N. Suksomboon N. Lertpipopmetha V. Tepwitukgid B. Meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of naproxen sodium in the acute treatment of migraine. Headache 2010 50 5 808 818 10.1111/j.1526‑4610.2010.01635.x 20236345
    [Google Scholar]
  61. Derry S. Rabbie R. Moore R.A. Diclofenac with or without an antiemetic for acute migraine headaches in adults. Cochrane Libr. 2013 2019 5 CD008783 10.1002/14651858.CD008783.pub3 23633360
    [Google Scholar]
  62. Gunaydin C. Bilge S.S. Effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs at the molecular level. Eurasian J. Med. 2018 50 2 116 121 10.5152/eurasianjmed.2018.0010 30002579
    [Google Scholar]
  63. Sohail R. Mathew M. Patel K.K. Reddy S.A. Haider Z. Naria M. Habib A. Abdin Z.U. Razzaq Chaudhry W. Akbar A. Effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and gastroprotective NSAIDs on the gastrointestinal tract: A narrative review. Cureus 2023 15 4 e37080 10.7759/cureus.37080 37153279
    [Google Scholar]
  64. Demaagd G. The pharmacological management of migraine, part 1: Overview and abortive therapy. P T 2008 33 7 404 416 19750119
    [Google Scholar]
  65. Suthisisang C. Poolsup N. Kittikulsuth W. Pudchakan P. Wiwatpanich P. Efficacy of low-dose ibuprofen in acute migraine treatment: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann. Pharmacother. 2007 41 11 1782 1791 10.1345/aph.1K121 17878396
    [Google Scholar]
  66. Ingledue V.F. Mounsey A. PURLs: treating migraine: The case for aspirin. J. Fam. Pract. 2014 63 2 94 96 24527476
    [Google Scholar]
  67. Berry H. Bloom B. Hamilton E.B. Swinson D.R. Naproxen sodium, diflunisal, and placebo in the treatment of chronic back pain. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 1982 41 2 129 132 10.1136/ard.41.2.129 6462116
    [Google Scholar]
  68. Altman R. Bosch B. Brune K. Patrignani P. Young C. Advances in NSAID development: Evolution of diclofenac products using pharmaceutical technology. Drugs 2015 75 8 859 877 10.1007/s40265‑015‑0392‑z 25963327
    [Google Scholar]
  69. Watkins A.K. Gee M.E. Brown J.N. Efficacy and safety of levetiracetam for migraine prophylaxis: A systematic review. J. Clin. Pharm. Ther. 2018 43 4 467 475 10.1111/jcpt.12715 29781197
    [Google Scholar]
  70. Woldeamanuel Y.W. Oliveira A.B.D. What is the efficacy of aerobic exercise versus strength training in the treatment of migraine? A systematic review and network meta-analysis of clinical trials. J. Headache Pain 2022 23 1 134 10.1186/s10194‑022‑01503‑y 36229774
    [Google Scholar]
  71. Park S.P. Kwon S.H. Cognitive effects of antiepileptic drugs. J. Clin. Neurol. 2008 4 3 99 106 10.3988/jcn.2008.4.3.99 19513311
    [Google Scholar]
  72. D’Amico D. Tepper S.J. D’Amico D. Prophylaxis of migraine: General principles and patient acceptance. Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat. 2008 4 6 1155 1167 10.2147/NDT.S3497 19337456
    [Google Scholar]
  73. Vuković V. Lovrencić-Huzjan A. Bosnar-Puretić M. Demarin V. The efficacy of gabapentin in migraine prophylaxis: An observational open label study. Acta Clin. Croat. 2009 48 2 145 151 19928412
    [Google Scholar]
  74. Jiménez-Hernández M.D. Torrecillas Nárvaez M.D. Friera Acebal G. Effectiveness and safety of gabapentin in the preventive treatment of migraine. Rev. Neurol. 2002 35 7 603 606 [Effectiveness and safety of gabapentin in the preventive treatment of migraine]. 12389143
    [Google Scholar]
  75. Hagan J.C. Everett E. Chamberlain T. Compounded beta-blocker nasal spray for treatment of acute migraine: A new therapeutic modality. Int. J. Pharm. Compd. 2020 24 3 194 197 32401737
    [Google Scholar]
  76. Loh N.R. Whitehouse W.P. Howells R. What is new in migraine management in children and young people? Arch. Dis. Child. 2022 107 12 1067 1072 10.1136/archdischild‑2021‑322373 35190383
    [Google Scholar]
  77. Amiri P. Kazeminasab S. Nejadghaderi S.A. Mohammadinasab R. Pourfathi H. Araj-Khodaei M. Sullman M.J.M. Kolahi A.A. Safiri S. Migraine: A review on its history, global epidemiology, risk factors, and comorbidities. Front. Neurol. 2022 12 800605 10.3389/fneur.2021.800605 35281991
    [Google Scholar]
  78. Danesh A. Gottschalk P.C.H. Beta-blockers for migraine prevention: A review article. Curr. Treat. Options Neurol. 2019 21 4 20 10.1007/s11940‑019‑0556‑3 30903383
    [Google Scholar]
  79. Duan J. Lai J. Wang D. Zhou W. Huang M. Hu S. Xu Y. Lu J. Topiramate precipitating a manic episode in a bipolar patient comorbid with binge eating disorder. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019 98 17 e15287 10.1097/MD.0000000000015287 31027088
    [Google Scholar]
  80. Macfarlane A. Greenhalgh T. Sodium valproate in pregnancy: What are the risks and should we use a shared decision-making approach? BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2018 18 1 200 10.1186/s12884‑018‑1842‑x 29859057
    [Google Scholar]
  81. Bornand D. Reinau D. Jick S.S. Meier C.R. β-blockers and the risk of depression: A matched case-control study. Drug Saf. 2022 45 2 181 189 10.1007/s40264‑021‑01140‑5 35044637
    [Google Scholar]
  82. Haghdoost F. Togha M. Migraine management: Non-pharmacological points for patients and health care professionals. Open Med. (Wars.) 2022 17 1 1869 1882 10.1515/med‑2022‑0598
    [Google Scholar]
  83. Maxwell S.R.J. Rational prescribing: The principles of drug selection. Clin. Med. (Lond.) 2016 16 5 459 464 10.7861/clinmedicine.16‑5‑459 27697811
    [Google Scholar]
  84. Pak R.J. Ku J.B. Abd-Elsayed A. Neuromodulation for craniofacial pain and headaches 2023 11 12 3328
    [Google Scholar]
  85. Lipton R.B. Pearlman S.H. Transcranial magnetic simulation in the treatment of migraine. Neurotherapeutics 2010 7 2 204 212 10.1016/j.nurt.2010.03.002 20430320
    [Google Scholar]
  86. Simon B. Blake J. Mechanism of action of non-invasive cervical vagus nerve stimulation for the treatment of primary headaches. Am. J. Manag. Care 2017 23 Suppl 17 S312 S316 29144716
    [Google Scholar]
  87. Kramer J. Hayek S. Levy R. Neuromodulation treatments for migraine: A contemporary update. Curr. Opin. Anaesthesiol. 2024 37 5 597 603 10.1097/ACO.0000000000001414 39011719
    [Google Scholar]
  88. Shen M. Li C. Wei X. Zhang L. Li Y. Wu H. Zhang X. Dong Z. Gao S. Ma Y. Ma Y. Transcranial magnetic stimulation as a therapy for migraine: An overview of systematic reviews. J. Pain Res. 2023 16 3133 3144 10.2147/JPR.S416993 37724171
    [Google Scholar]
  89. Zhong J. Lan W. Feng Y. Yu L. Xiao R. Shen Y. Zou Z. Hou X. Efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on chronic migraine: A meta-analysis. Front. Neurol. 2022 13 1050090 10.3389/fneur.2022.1050090 36504667
    [Google Scholar]
  90. Song D. Li P. Wang Y. Cao J. Noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation for migraine: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front. Neurol. 2023 14 1190062 10.3389/fneur.2023.1190062 37251233
    [Google Scholar]
  91. Silberstein S.D. Calhoun A.H. Lipton R.B. Grosberg B.M. Cady R.K. Dorlas S. Simmons K.A. Mullin C. Liebler E.J. Goadsby P.J. Saper J.R. Calhoun A.H. Cady R.K. Dexter J. Silberstein S.D. Young W. Marmura M. Nahas-Geiger S. Da Silva A. Saper J. Weintraub J. Prestegaard A. Sinka E. Grosberg B. Vollbracht S. Issa S. Lipton R. Mullin K. Pavlovic J. Robbins M. Goadsby P. Gelfand A. Eller M. Chronic migraine headache prevention with noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation. Neurology 2016 87 5 529 538 10.1212/WNL.0000000000002918 27412146
    [Google Scholar]
  92. Miller S. Watkins L. Matharu M. Long-term outcomes of occipital nerve stimulation for chronic migraine: A cohort of 53 patients. J. Headache Pain 2016 17 1 68 10.1186/s10194‑016‑0659‑0 27475100
    [Google Scholar]
  93. Carrondo Cottin S. Gallani N. Cantin L. Prud’Homme M. Occipital nerve stimulation for non-migrainous chronic headaches: A systematic review protocol. Syst. Rev. 2019 8 1 181 10.1186/s13643‑019‑1101‑x 31331392
    [Google Scholar]
  94. Montenegro M.M. Kissoon N.R. Long term outcomes of occipital nerve stimulation. Front. Pain Res. (Lausanne) 2023 4 1054764 10.3389/fpain.2023.1054764
    [Google Scholar]
  95. Moisset X. Pereira B. Ciampi de Andrade D. Fontaine D. Lantéri-Minet M. Mawet J. Neuromodulation techniques for acute and preventive migraine treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J. Headache Pain 2020 21 1 142 10.1186/s10194‑020‑01204‑4 33302882
    [Google Scholar]
  96. Stubberud A. Linde M. Digital technology and mobile health in behavioral migraine therapy: A narrative review. Curr. Pain Headache Rep. 2018 22 10 66 10.1007/s11916‑018‑0718‑0 30066141
    [Google Scholar]
  97. Gazerani P. Intelligent digital twins for personalized migraine care. J. Pers. Med. 2023 13 8 1255 10.3390/jpm13081255 37623505
    [Google Scholar]
  98. Ingvaldsen S.H. Tronvik E. Brenner E. Winnberg I. Olsen A. Gravdahl G.B. Stubberud A. A biofeedback app for migraine: Development and usability study. JMIR Form. Res. 2021 5 7 e23229 10.2196/23229 34319243
    [Google Scholar]
  99. Siirtola P. Koskimäki H. Mönttinen H. Röning J. Using sleep time data from wearable sensors for early detection of migraine attacks. Sensors (Basel) 2018 18 5 1374 10.3390/s18051374
    [Google Scholar]
  100. Ashina M. Phul R. Khodaie M. Löf E. Florea I. A monoclonal antibody to PACAP for migraine prevention. N. Engl. J. Med. 2024 391 9 800 809 10.1056/NEJMoa2314577
    [Google Scholar]
  101. Gaul C. Förderreuther S. Sumatriptan 3 mg subcutaneous. Nervenarzt 2022 93 6 612 617 10.1007/s00115‑021‑01189‑8 34557933
    [Google Scholar]
  102. Dooley M. Faulds D. Rizatriptan: A review of its efficacy in the management of migraine. Drugs 1999 58 4 699 723 10.2165/00003495‑199958040‑00013 10551439
    [Google Scholar]
  103. Cady R. Crawford G. Ahrens S. Hairwassers D. Getson A. Visser W.H. Lines C. Long-term efficacy and tolerability of rizatriptan wafers in migraine. MedGenMed 2001 3 3 1 11549974
    [Google Scholar]
  104. Diener H.C. Jansen J.P. Reches A. Pascual J. Pitei D. Steiner T.J. Efficacy, tolerability and safety of oral eletriptan and ergotamine plus caffeine (Cafergot) in the acute treatment of migraine: A multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison. Eur. Neurol. 2002 47 2 99 107 10.1159/000047960 11844898
    [Google Scholar]
  105. Yang Y. Chen M. Wu D. Sun Y. Jiang F. Chen Z. Wang Z. Optimal dose of erenumab for preventive treatment of episodic migraine: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Curr. Neuropharmacol. 2022 20 2 460 470 10.2174/1570159X19666210823104916 34429056
    [Google Scholar]
  106. Ferrari M.D. Diener H.C. Ning X. Galic M. Cohen J.M. Yang R. Mueller M. Ahn A.H. Schwartz Y.C. Grozinski-Wolff M. Janka L. Ashina M. Fremanezumab versus placebo for migraine prevention in patients with documented failure to up to four migraine preventive medication classes (FOCUS): A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3b trial. Lancet 2019 394 10203 1030 1040 10.1016/S0140‑6736(19)31946‑4 31427046
    [Google Scholar]
  107. Detke H.C. Goadsby P.J. Wang S. Friedman D.I. Selzler K.J. Aurora S.K. Galcanezumab in chronic migraine. Neurology 2018 91 24 e2211 e2221 10.1212/WNL.0000000000006640 30446596
    [Google Scholar]
  108. Yu S. Kim B.K. Guo A. Kim M.H. Zhang M. Wang Z. Liu J. Moon H.S. Tan G. Yang Q. McGrath D. Hanna M. Stock D.A. Gao Y. Croop R. Lu Z. Safety and efficacy of rimegepant orally disintegrating tablet for the acute treatment of migraine in China and South Korea: A phase 3, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. 2023 22 6 476 484 10.1016/S1474‑4422(23)00126‑6 37210098
    [Google Scholar]
  109. Lipton R.B. Dodick D.W. Ailani J. Lu K. Finnegan M. Szegedi A. Trugman J.M. Effect of ubrogepant vs placebo on pain and the most bothersome associated symptom in the acute treatment of migraine. JAMA 2019 322 19 1887 1898 10.1001/jama.2019.16711 31742631
    [Google Scholar]
  110. Becker W.J. Christie S.N. Ledoux S. Binder C. Topiramate prophylaxis and response to triptan treatment for acute migraine. Headache 2006 46 9 1424 1430 10.1111/j.1526‑4610.2006.00531.x 17040339
    [Google Scholar]
  111. Ashtari F. Shaygannejad V. Akbari M. A double-blind, randomized trial of low-dose topiramate vs propranolol in migraine prophylaxis. Acta Neurol. Scand. 2008 118 5 301 305 10.1111/j.1600‑0404.2008.01087.x 18713156
    [Google Scholar]
  112. Doyle Strauss L. Weizenbaum E. Loder E.W. Rizzoli P.B. Amitriptyline dose and treatment outcomes in specialty headache practice: A retrospective cohort study. Headache 2016 56 10 1626 1634 10.1111/head.12987 27775149
    [Google Scholar]
  113. Bae J. Sung H.K. Kwon N.Y. Go H.Y. Kim T. Shin S.M. Lee S. Cognitive behavioral therapy for migraine headache: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicina (Kaunas) 2021 58 1 44 10.3390/medicina58010044 35056352
    [Google Scholar]
  114. Pérez-Muñoz A. Buse D.C. Andrasik F. Behavioral interventions for migraine. Neurol. Clin. 2019 37 4 789 813 10.1016/j.ncl.2019.07.003 31563233
    [Google Scholar]
  115. Frank D.L. Khorshid L. Kiffer J.F. Moravec C.S. McKee M.G. Biofeedback in medicine: Who, when, why and how? Ment. Health Fam. Med. 2010 7 2 85 91 22477926
    [Google Scholar]
  116. Rasmussen L. Poulsen C.W. Kampmann U. Smedegaard S.B. Ovesen P.G. Fuglsang J. Diet and healthy lifestyle in the management of gestational diabetes mellitus. Nutrients 2020 12 10 3050 10.3390/nu12103050 33036170
    [Google Scholar]
  117. Carneiro-Barrera A. Amaro-Gahete F.J. Guillén-Riquelme A. Jurado-Fasoli L. Sáez-Roca G. Martín-Carrasco C. Buela-Casal G. Ruiz J.R. Effect of an interdisciplinary weight loss and lifestyle intervention on obstructive sleep apnea severity. JAMA Netw. Open 2022 5 4 e228212 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.8212 35452108
    [Google Scholar]
  118. Cheng J. Li F. Lai Y. Chen J. Sun X. Xiang L. Jiang P. Wu S. Xiao Y. Zhou L. Luo R. Zhao X. Liu Y. Association of stress management skills and stressful life events with allergy risk: A case-control study in southern China. BMC Public Health 2021 21 1 1279 10.1186/s12889‑021‑11333‑3 34193097
    [Google Scholar]
  119. Wang M. Liu W. Ge J. Liu S. The immunomodulatory mechanisms for acupuncture practice. Front. Immunol. 2023 14 1147718 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1147718 37090714
    [Google Scholar]
  120. Anheyer D. Klose P. Lauche R. Saha F.J. Cramer H. Yoga for treating headaches: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Gen. Intern. Med. 2020 35 3 846 854 10.1007/s11606‑019‑05413‑9 31667736
    [Google Scholar]
  121. Chaibi A. Tuchin P.J. Russell M.B. Manual therapies for migraine: A systematic review. J. Headache Pain 2011 12 2 127 133 10.1007/s10194‑011‑0296‑6 21298314
    [Google Scholar]
  122. Pirthiraj A. Bhagwan R. The psychosocial impact of migraines on women and alternative therapies for migraine management. Health SA 2023 28 2249 10.4102/hsag.v28i0.2249
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/cpps/10.2174/0113892037329429241123095325
Loading
Advances in Migraine Treatment: A Comprehensive Clinical Review
Bentham Science Publishers ; https://doi.org/10.2174/0113892037329429241123095325
/content/journals/cpps/10.2174/0113892037329429241123095325
/content/journals/cpps/10.2174/0113892037329429241123095325
Loading

Data & Media loading...


  • Article Type:     Review Article
Keywords: monoclonal antibodies ; non-pharmacological approaches ; gene therapy ; CGRP antagonists ; Migraine

Most Cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error
Please enter a valid_number test