Skip to content
2000
Volume 17, Issue 5
  • ISSN: 2666-1454
  • E-ISSN: 2666-1462

Abstract

Background

The spindle top is an important component used to withstand the shaft workpiece on machine tools so that the spindle can meet high efficiency and high precision requirements. However, the selection principles under various load conditions are not stipulated in use. In addition, material selection, manufacturing, heat treatment technology, ., are of practical significance for the production of high hardness, high wear resistance, and high precision spindle tops.

Objective

The spindle top type, material selection principles, heat treatment, cold working, and other manufacturing processes are given. Provide a reference for high-performance and top-notch design and manufacturing.

Methods

The model of the spindle top will be created in UG software, then using ANSYS finite element analysis software to analyze stiffness of spindle top whose height-to-diameter ratios are 1:4 and 1:7 types in a variety of different load cases. The design and manufacturing process of the spindle top is analyzed and expounded from the selection and performance comparison of metal materials, heat treatment of different materials, cold manufacturing technology, and other aspects.

Results

The deformation laws of different types of spindle tops are obtained. According to the deformation regular, find the selection principle of height to diameter ratio of spindle top. The defects that are easy to occur in the technology are obtained and the preventive and solution measures are put forward.

Conclusion

According to the deformation regular, find the selection principle of height to diameter ratio of spindle top. The material selection, heat treatment technology, and other technical research on the spindle top provide the necessary basis for the production of the spindle top.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/cms/10.2174/0126661454282437231227070831
2024-12-01
2024-11-26
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. XuY. Improvement design for the lathe tailstock spindle structure.Manufacturing Technology & Machine Tool2019016064
    [Google Scholar]
  2. AketagawaM. MaddenM. UesugiS. Spindle error motion measurement using concentric circle grating and phase modulation interferometers Proceedings of Conference on Optical Metrology and Inspection for Industrial Applications II held as part of SPIE/COS Photonics Asia.10.1117/12.2000812
    [Google Scholar]
  3. LeeC.M. LeeJ-H. JeongH-I. LeeJ-H. A study on the optimum design of the spindle taper angle by chucking force of a 2-head simultaneous grinding machine.J Korean Soc Precis Eng202138213914410.7736/JKSPE.020.079
    [Google Scholar]
  4. SawabeM. FujinumaN. ShiraishiK. SataT. Contribution of radial error motion to roundness profile of workspace in turning.Journal of the Japan Society Precision Eng198046576583
    [Google Scholar]
  5. GeC.W. Precision machining driving device C.N.Patent 2152799492021
  6. YangC.S. Tailstock for machine tool e.g. lathe used for supporting workpiece, has stopper that is provided with live center take-out function, so that live center is pulled out by reaction force by supporting rear end face of live center K.R.Patent 20200317702020
  7. CuiD.Y. WangH.J. Design and application of new type follow up tailstock.New Technology & New Process2022022326
    [Google Scholar]
  8. KuX. SuC. YangX. LiY. LiX. FuY. Lightweight tail seat body useful for machine tools C.N.Patent 1114383782020
  9. WangX. Tailstock structure of intelligent numerical control machine tool, has expansion block that moves to block side wall of shell when pressure in oil cavity is greater than set value, and sends mobile to bit signal when expansion block moves C.N.Patent 1161974202023
  10. WuS. NiZ. XiaoQ. ZhanZ. Machine tool tailstock mechanism for assisting and supporting workpiece C.N. Patent 2170957082022
  11. QiG. Clamping device for processing slender shaft in numerical control whirlwind milling machine tool C.N.Patent 2170957082022
  12. FedorynenkoD. KirigayaR. NakaoY. Dynamic characteristics of spindle with water-lubricated hydrostatic bearings for ultra-precision machine tools.Precis. Eng.20206318719610.1016/j.precisioneng.2020.02.003
    [Google Scholar]
  13. LiuJ.Z. Tailstock auxiliary clamping device and clamp for machining small clamping journal shaft parts C.N.Patent 2169662902022
  14. WangL.L. Finite element analysis of flange top bearing capacity.Mech. Eng.2013711211310.3901/JME.2013.23.112
    [Google Scholar]
  15. GuoY.C. MengC. Main shaft mechanism of lathe special for carrier roller machining C.N.Patent 2177271582022
  16. SlatineanuL. HritucA. Chuck for providing centering between tips to drive blanks upon lathe turning into rotation, has resilient bushing drawn to interior of body by bushing with multi-diameter outside when blank is pushed by rotation of handwheel R.O.Patent 1360322022
  17. ChenW.J. Analysis of the top displacement and tailstock spindle retreat phenomenon of top grinding machine tools.Precise Manufacturing & Automation201313839
    [Google Scholar]
  18. KowserM.A. Effect of Quenching Medium on Hardness of Carburized Low Carbon Steel for Manufacturing of Spindle Used in Spinning Mill The 6th BSME International Conference on Thermal Engineering.10.1016/j.proeng.2015.05.076
    [Google Scholar]
  19. YanYM YuWC SunT Dynamic and high temperature mechanical behavior of GCr15SiMo steel.Cailiao Gongcheng/Journal of Materials Engineering2022501129
    [Google Scholar]
  20. WangM.Z. Research on efficiency of geometric tolerance control for large roll shaft machining.Value Engineering201837126128
    [Google Scholar]
  21. LiuX. SunH.Y. SunJ. Full-hydraulic control tailstock C.N.Patent 1103031732019
  22. LiF. Outer circle grinding central hole part clamping device, has driving device connected with tip end, and tailstock sleeve whose end is connected with tip, where pushing device is connected with tailstock sleeve for pushing movement of tailstock sleeve C.N.Patent 2109981592020
  23. MaM. Machine tool tailstock C.N.Patent 2192744962023
  24. JiangL. WeiL. XunX. ZhangT. MaM. Machine tool tailstock, has tip whose tip end part passes through mounting part and exposed outside, where mounting part is convexly provided with limiting column and axis of limiting column is parallel to axis of tip C.N.Patent 2192744962023
  25. HuangP. YangX.D. LiX.Y. ZhouH. Analysis on influence factors of center bearing capacity in heavy-duty roll grinder.Machinery Design & Manufacture20151247
    [Google Scholar]
  26. ShenZ. HouN. NiL. WangK. Tip supporting device for lifting bearing capacity of tailstock, has supporting base whose lower end is fixed on tail seat frame, and rotating top tip whose rear end is inserted in shaft hole of tail seat, where tail seat is fixed on tail seat frame C.N. Patent 2141614182021
  27. LiuH.S. Technical improvements of CNC lathe equipment in processing slender motor shafts.Metal Working2020127374[Metal Cutting].
    [Google Scholar]
  28. LankinA. Center eg dead center for use on tailstock of lathe, has conical tip and center drill that are set with same rotational centerpoint, and distal arm end of pivotable arm is joined together and proximal arm end is secured to elongated shaft U.S.Patent 105493542020
  29. JiangD. Bidirectional adjusting mechanism for machine tool tailstock tip, has middle sliding plate slidingly matched with end sliding plate, and end part sliding plate whose end is fixedly connected with Morse conical handle tip C.N.Patent 2194023392023
  30. YunL. Lathe tailstock adjusting device for clamping tip to fix two ends of workpiece, has tip fixing disc provided with tip hole, where diameter of finial hole is greater than outer diameter of tip C.N. Patent 2195037312023
  31. ZhaoR. LiuF. Numerical control outer circular grinding machine tailstock device, has tip whose front end is extended out of side of base, where base is provided with operation mechanism for driving tip to slide relative to shaft sleeve C.N. Patent 2183417922023
  32. WangW.K. YuX.R. Choice of materials for main shafts in machine tools and heat treatment technique.Journal of Shaoxing University2002226466
    [Google Scholar]
  33. MaoYS DuSM FuLH Effect of Isothermal Quenching Process on the Microstructure and Wear Properties of GCr15SiMo Steel.Mocaxue Xuebao/ Tribology202343778190
    [Google Scholar]
  34. ZhangH. Study on heat treatment technology of spindle surface of numerical control machine tool.Industrial Heating201948810
    [Google Scholar]
  35. ZhaoH. YangJ.L. YangY. XieL.L. LiuK.Y. Study on Heat Treatment Process of GCr15SiMo High Hardenability Bearing Steel.Hot Working Technology202049131133
    [Google Scholar]
  36. HuaG.P. Heat treatment process for wind power drive shaft workpiece C.N.Patent 1123591732021
  37. RenW. Top point type rotating tailstock structure, has tailstock tip whose tail part passes through tailstock main shaft and connected with oil cylinder rod of oil cylinder through oil cylinder floating joint C.N.Patent 2139690232021
  38. ZhengS. Stably locked tailstock sliding table and machine tool, has thimble that is located at left side of tail seat and front portion of thimble is provided with oil hole or oil groove connected with top needle tip C.N.Patent 2190943112023
  39. EL-Wazery M S, EL-Desouky A R, Hamed O A. Electrical and mechanical performance of zirconia-nickel functionally graded materials.Int J Eng201326375382
    [Google Scholar]
  40. AliM. SadounA.M. AbouelmagdG. MazenA.A. ElmahdyM. Microstructure and mechanical characterization of Cu–Ni/Al2O3 nanocomposites fabricated using a novel in situ reactive synthesis.Ceram. Int.20224856414642210.1016/j.ceramint.2021.11.185
    [Google Scholar]
  41. SadounA.M. AbdallahA.W. NajjarI.M.R. BashaM. ElmahdyM. Effect of lattice structure evolution and stacking fault energy on the properties of Cu–ZrO2/GNP nanocomposites.Ceram. Int.20214721295982960610.1016/j.ceramint.2021.07.129
    [Google Scholar]
  42. XuN F ShengZ C A new spindle top eccentric adjusting mechanism.China's high-tech enterprises2008184
    [Google Scholar]
  43. JiaY. Design and application of light and heavy drive tops.China South Agricul Mach201748119120
    [Google Scholar]
  44. LeeH.S. LeeY.S. Optimal contact design and allowable limit on spindle assembly of aluminum hot rolling process.J. Mech. Sci. Technol.200822224024610.1007/s12206‑007‑1111‑9
    [Google Scholar]
  45. CaiG.Y. Finite element analysis of heavy roll grinder head spindle top component.Precise Manufacturing & Automation2012012324
    [Google Scholar]
  46. MaT.H. Research and design of multifunctional top for ordinary turning and grinding machine tools.Hebei Agricultural Machinery201812324
    [Google Scholar]
  47. ZhouD.H. Turning processing of connecting pipe cylinder shaft.World Manuf Eng Mark202226768
    [Google Scholar]
  48. ZhouL. LiuY. LiZ. ZhuL. LiY. XiongA. Microstructure and properties of Fe–Cr–Ni alloy coatings on T10 steel by laser cladding.Mater. Res. Express20207101651310.1088/2053‑1591/ab5cac
    [Google Scholar]
  49. ChavesV. Ecological criteria for the selection of materials in fatigue.Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct.20143791034104210.1111/ffe.12181
    [Google Scholar]
  50. BalintL. MariaD. DimaD. Characterization of the emulsions used for cold rolling steel strips with the view of their valorisation Proceedings of 7th International Conference on Physical and Numerical Simulation of Materials Processing (ICPNS 2013).10.5593/SGEM2014/B42/S18.006
    [Google Scholar]
  51. OlallaV. CarreteroM.N.S. ThibauxP. Physical simulation of hot rolling steel plate and coil production for pipeline applications Proceedings of 7th International Conference on Physical and Numerical Simulation of Materials Processing (ICPNS 2013).
    [Google Scholar]
  52. WangB.H. XuT.X. LuM. HeZ.J. Carbide evolution of GCr15SiMo bearing steel during spheroidizing annealing process.Heat Treat Met2023486066
    [Google Scholar]
  53. WeiW. QinX. Turning machine tool with precise movement and stable top-tightening tailstock C.N. Patent 1128090292021
  54. WangY.Q. Modeling and experimental research on vibration system in turning of flexible workpieces.J Vibrat Measur Diag20214111701175
    [Google Scholar]
  55. DuX.X. ZhangW. HuangZ.W. LiX.R. Dynamic modeling of fixed joint of machine tool spindle based on virtual material layer and twin finite element model.Journal Vib Shock2023421118
    [Google Scholar]
  56. ZhengY.H. LiuW.Z.Y. WangX.K. Static and dynamic finite element analysis of precision machine tool spindle.Digital Manufacture Science202018248251
    [Google Scholar]
  57. ChanT.C. UllahA. RoyB. ChangS.L. Finite element analysis and structure optimization of a gantry-type high-precision machine tool.Sci. Rep.20231311300610.1038/s41598‑023‑40214‑5 37563284
    [Google Scholar]
  58. ShameiM. TajalliS.A. Stability and bifurcation analysis in turning of flexible parts with spindle speed variation using FEM simulation data.Int. J. Struct. Stab. Dyn.2023245000410.1142/S0219455424500044
    [Google Scholar]
  59. ShiG ZhiqiangL YuchaoD Stability prediction for robotic milling based on tool tip frequency response prediction by considering the interface stiffness of spindle-tool system.Int J Struct Stab Dyn10.2139/ssrn.4552640
    [Google Scholar]
  60. ChenD.J. ZhouS.A. DongL.H. FanJ.W. Machine tool spindle heat treatment method C.N.Patent 1050955832015
  61. KiswantoG. ZariatinD.L. KoT.J. The effect of spindle speed, feed-rate and machining time to the surface roughness and burr formation of Aluminum Alloy 1100 in micro-milling operation.J. Manuf. Process.201416443545010.1016/j.jmapro.2014.05.003
    [Google Scholar]
  62. AlfonsoI. GonzálezG. LaraG. Fractal analysis of the heat treatment response for multiphase Al alloys.Mater. Res.201619362863910.1590/1980‑5373‑MR‑2015‑0755
    [Google Scholar]
  63. KarkoszkaT. Sokovic´M. Risk based on quality, environmental and occupational safety in heat treatment processes.Metalurgija201453545548
    [Google Scholar]
  64. SunG.J. GaoZ.W. CuiX.Y. Effect of dual liquid quenching on microstructure and hardness of 9Cr2Mo steel roller.Heat Treatment of Metals2022478891
    [Google Scholar]
  65. YaoC. XuB. HuangJ. ZhangP. WuY. Study on the softening in overlapping zone by laser-overlapping scanning surface hardening for carbon and alloyed steel.Opt. Lasers Eng.2010481202610.1016/j.optlaseng.2009.05.001
    [Google Scholar]
  66. YangZ.N. DaiL.Q. ChuH.C. Effect of aluminum alloying on the hot deformation behavior of nano-bainite bearing steel.J. Mater. Eng. Perform.20234819
    [Google Scholar]
  67. YanY.X. Application of inorganic polymer water-soluble quenching medium in GCr15 bearing steel.Hot Working Technology201948139142
    [Google Scholar]
  68. MaC. LuoH.W. Precipitation and Evolution Behavior of Carbide During Heat Treatments of GCr15 Bearing Steel.J Mater Eng20174597103
    [Google Scholar]
  69. BiY.R. Research on high temperature tempering spheroidizing process of GCr15 bearing steel.Hot Working Technology201948164166
    [Google Scholar]
  70. ShanZ. HongY.C. Effect of preliminary heat treating cycle on microstucture and hardness of 9Cr2Mo steel.Heat Treatment2013282732
    [Google Scholar]
  71. AnandS. SaravanasankarS. SubbarajP. Customized simulated annealing based decision algorithms for combinatorial optimization in VLSI floorplanning problem.Comput. Optim. Appl.201252366768910.1007/s10589‑011‑9442‑y
    [Google Scholar]
  72. WuH.Y. HanD.X. DuY. GaoX.H. DuL.X. Effect of initial spheroidizing microstructure after quenching and tempering on wear and contact fatigue properties of GCr15 bearing steel.Mater. Today Commun.20223010315210.1016/j.mtcomm.2022.103152
    [Google Scholar]
  73. QuZH Machine tool spindle machining process2017
    [Google Scholar]
  74. GuoS.T. LiuX.X. Improvement of live center in lathe tailstock.Mech Electr Inf2012279394
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/cms/10.2174/0126661454282437231227070831
Loading
/content/journals/cms/10.2174/0126661454282437231227070831
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error
Please enter a valid_number test