Brain Tumor Segmentation of T1w MRI Images Based on Clustering Using Dimensionality Reduction Random Projection Technique

Background: Early diagnosis of a brain tumor may increase life expectancy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) accompanied by several segmentation algorithms is preferred as a reliable method for assessment. The availability of high-dimensional medical image data during diagnosis places a heavy computational burden and a suitable pre-processing step is required for lower- dimensional representation. The storage requirement and complexity of image data are also a concern. To address this concern, the random projection technique (RPT) is widely used as a multivariate approach for data reduction. Aim: This study mainly focuses on T1-weighted MRI image clustering for brain tumor segmentation with dimension reduction by using the conventional principal component analysis (PCA) and RPT. Methods: Two clustering algorithms, K-means and fuzzy c-means (FCM) were used for brain tumor detection. The primary study objective was to present a comparison of the two clustering methods between MRI images subjected to PCA and RPT. In addition to the original dimension of 512 x 512, three other image sizes, 256 x 256, 128 x 128, and 64 x 64, were used to determine the effect of the methods. Results: In terms of average reconstruction, Euclidean distance, and segmentation distance errors, the RPT produced better results than the PCA method for all the clustered images from clustering techniques. Conclusion: According to the values of performance metrics, RPT supported fuzzy c-means in achieving the best clustering performance and provided significant results for each new size of the MRI images.