Current HIV Research - Volume 9, Issue 5, 2011

Mucosal transmission of HIV predominately occurs during sexual intercourse or breast-feeding and generally results in a successful infection from just one or few founder virions. Here we assessed the impact of viral inoculum size on both viral and immune events within two groups of Rhesus macaques that were non-traumatically, orally inoculated with either multiple low (1000 to 4000 TCID50) or high (100,000 TCID50) doses Read More

Premature immunosenescence has been reported in different HIV scenarios. However, how premature is the HIV-related immunosenescent phenotype is still unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the immunosenescent status of young viraemic naive HIV-infected individuals, with less than four years from infection. To this end, replicative senescence, activation and proliferation T-cell levels were analyzed in ch Read More

Recent studies have explored that mutated Human immunodeficiency virus type 1(HIV-1) Vpr genes likely influence clinical manifestations of HIV infected patients. However, the relationship between the mutation sites on HIV Vpr gene and subsequent function changes is still not clear. In this study we investigated such relationship in analyzing the Vpr genes of HIV-1 viruses isolated from 208 HIV-1 infected patients from differe Read More

The relationship between chemical structure and CCR5 anti HIV-1 activity was investigated in the series of 1-[N-(Methyl)-N-(phenylsulfonyl)amino]-2-(phenyl)-4-[4-(substituted) piperidin-1-yl]butanes derivatives including 114 molecules by using the Electron-Topological Method (ETM). In the frameworks of this approach, its input data were taken as the results of conformational and quantum-mechanical calculations. Conform Read More

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the presence of HIV-1 in cervico-vaginal secretions of pregnant as compared to non-pregnant HIV-seropositive women. Patients and Methods: We compared 43 known HIV seropositive pregnant patients versus 241 age-matched (± 2 years) control non-pregnant HIV-seropositive subjects. In pregnant patients blood and cervico-vaginal samples were obtained during each trim Read More

Alterations of fat distribution and insulin resistance are associated with increased risk of metabolic derangements and cardiovascular disease. HIV-infected adult patients on antiretroviral treatment often show lipodystrophy, insulin resistance and hypoadiponectinemia, but data in children are controversial. We investigated serum adiponectin concentration in a cohort of HIV-infected youths, and we assessed the relationships wi Read More

Objective: To compare the accuracy of ultrasound imaging technique to that of clinical diagnosis in evaluating subcutaneous fat changes in HIV-infected subjects. Methods: HIV-uninfected control subjects (Group A), HIV-infected subjects with clinically assessed lipoatrophy (Group B), and HIV-infected subjects without clinical lipoatrophy (Group C) underwent ultrasound measurements of subcutaneous fat thickness at facial, bra Read More

Background: Disseminated fungal infections are common presenting opportunistic infections among AIDS patients in developing countries. Primary prophylaxis with itraconazole has been shown to be effective in northern Thailand. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of fluconazole vs itraconazole as primary prophylaxis for fungal infections in HIV-infected patients. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted Read More

Objectives: To evaluate gender differences in liver fibrosis and hepatitis C virus-related parameters in patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus. Methods: Transversal study of 782 patients who underwent a complete clinical and laboratory evaluation. Fibrosis was measured by transient elastometry (TE) and by commonly used laboratory-derived fibrosis indexes. Results: Men were older, had higher Read More

Introduction: Today, thanks to the HAART, HIV has become a chronic disease. In most cases, HIV positive women are of reproductive age and at present, the vertical transmission rate is around 0.1% for women with an undetectable viral load. So, it is normal that the question of seropositive women's desire to have children is on the table. Methods: In this experimental study, 50 HIV-seropositive and 44 seronegative women w Read More