Current HIV Research - Volume 8, Issue 7, 2010

Purpose of Review: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has had an unequivocally positive impact on morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected individuals. These benefits have clearly extended to some HIV-related malignancies, including Kaposi's sarcoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The impact of HAART on cervical cancer, however, remains uncertain. The objective of this review is to summarize the last ten years of regis Read More

HIV-infected infants may have CXCR4-using (X4-tropic) HIV, CCR5-using (R5-tropic) HIV, or a mixture of R5-tropic and X4-tropic HIV (dual/mixed, DM HIV). The level of infectivity for R5 virus (R5-RLU) varies among HIVinfected infants. HIV tropism and R5-RLU were measured in samples from HIV-infected Ugandan infants using a commercial assay. DM HIV was detected in 7/72 (9.7%) infants at the time of HIV diagnosis (birth or 6- Read More

Objectives: We aimed at determining the incidence and factors for tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)- associated renal function decline among Thai HIV-infected patients. Methods: Retrospective and prospective cohort studies were conducted. We enrolled HIV-infected adults who had initiated TDF. Renal function decline was defined by a decrease of 25% in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) from the baseline. Factors asso Read More

Objectives: To estimate HIV-1 incidence and cofactors for HIV-1 incidence during pregnancy and postpartum. Design: Retrospective study among women who were HIV seronegative during pregnancy. Methods: Mothers accompanying their infants for routine 6-week immunizations at 6 maternal child health clinics in Nairobi and Western Kenya were tested for HIV-1 after completing a questionnaire that included assessm Read More

While significant progress has been made since 2003 when a comprehensive treatment, prevention and control program was implemented to combat the HIV/AIDS epidemic in China, new challenges are emerging. There have been limited direct case reports on profiles of HIV/AIDS patients under care at unique clinical settings in China despite significant differences between clinics in this part of the world and those in Wester Read More

Objective: Currently, 12% of the Spanish population is foreign-born, and a third of newly diagnosed HIV- infected patients are immigrants. We determined whether being an immigrant was associated with a poorer response to antiretroviral treatment. Methods: Historical multicenter cohort study of naive patients starting HAART. The primary endpoint was time to treatment failure (TTF) defined as virological failure (VF), deat Read More

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is one of the most important public health problems, affecting many people every day. This syndrome is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the HIV-1 protease plays an essential role by promoting virus maturation and thus infecting new cells. The HIV-1 protease is one of the main targets for anti-HIV drug therapy. The present work is a literature survey of pl Read More

In the present study, a comparative assessment of the effects of efavirenz (EFV) and lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r; 4:1) on human adipocytes in culture has been performed. Human pre-adipocytes were treated with EFV or LPV/r during or after adipogenic differentiation. Acquisition of adipocyte morphology, expression of gene markers of mitochondrial toxicity, adipogenesis and inflammation, and release of adipokines and cytoki Read More

The cytidine deaminase APOBEC3G has been identified as an antiviral host factor that combats HIV-1. The protein was found to be present in HIV-1 target cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells. The antiviral state of these cells has been partially attributed to a G→A hypermutation of the HIV genome caused by APOBEC3G during reverse transcription. However, the viral infectivity factor (Vif) counteracts this antiviral mech Read More

Current HIV treatment guidelines emphasize the importance of using an active antiretroviral therapy regimen that produces full virologic suppression and immunologic competence, while at the same time providing patients with a favorable safety profile and limited risk for development of drug resistance. Etravirine (TMC125), a recently approved, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), has s Read More