Skip to content
2000
Volume 2, Issue 1
  • ISSN: 2542-579X
  • E-ISSN: 2542-5803

Abstract

The aim of the present study was the preparation and evaluation of polymeric molds with amoxicillin trihydrate, lidocaine hydrochloride, and metronidazole for sustained drug release for prolonged local action on an affected tooth (during carries and gum problems).

Periodontal diseases with infection and inflammation cause dental pain. For the treatment of dental problems such as dental pain, analgesics with antibiotics are prescribed at the initial stage.

The main objective of the present study was to develop polymer-based dental mold containing three drugs (amoxicillin trihydrate, lidocaine hydrochloride, and metronidazole) to provide local drug action on the affected tooth or gingiva for a prolonged period of time.

Dental molds were prepared with drugs and the optimum combination of polymers (determined by initial screening) such as corn zein, carbopol 934 P, gum acacia powder and poloxamer 407 by mixing together in ethanol (95%) followed by solvent evaporation. The developed dental molds were evaluated using different physio-chemical methods such as tooth adhesion test, percent swelling, surface pH, scanning electron microscopy, drug content and drug-release study by simultaneous UV spectroscopy.

The mean adhesive strength obtained in our formulation was 46.5 g-wt with a surface pH value of 6.5 The percentage of swelling of the dental molds varied from 43% to 73% in 4 h. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed very small and uniformly distributed drug particles in the matrix. Drug loading was high and reproducible. The cumulative percentage release of lidocaine hydrochloride, amoxicillin trihydrate and metronidazole was about 93.81%, 59.67%, and 48.7%, respectively, over 24 h.

The developed dental mold containing three drugs may be applied to the affected tooth for prolonged drug action locally and an easy option to relieve from dental pain and infection by local drug action.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/cdent/10.2174/2542579X02666200309124751
2020-03-09
2025-02-19
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. RazakP.A. RichardK.M.J. ThankachanR.P. HafizK.A. KumarK.N. SameerK.M. Geriatric oral health: a review article.J. Int. Oral Health201466110116 25628498
    [Google Scholar]
  2. OkesonJ.P. FalaceD.A. Nonodontogenic toothache.Dent. Clin. North Am.1997412367383 9142490
    [Google Scholar]
  3. AbbottP.V. Medical management of dental and oral pain.Aust. Prescr.200730777910.18773/austprescr.2007.044
    [Google Scholar]
  4. FitzgeraldR.J. KeyesP.H. Demonstration of the etiologic role of streptococci in experimental caries in the hamster.J. Am. Dent. Assoc.19606191910.14219/jada.archive.1960.0138 13823312
    [Google Scholar]
  5. BabaahmadyK.G. MarshP.D. ChallacombeS.J. NewmanH.N. Variations in the predominant cultivable microflora of dental plaque at defined subsites on approximal tooth surfaces in children.Arch. Oral Biol.199742210111110.1016/S0003‑9969(96)00116‑1 9134122
    [Google Scholar]
  6. LiuF. [The relation between the resistance distribution on crown surface and caries]Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi19932814749 8222951
    [Google Scholar]
  7. BeldingP.H. Destruction of tooth substance by dental caries.Dent. Items Interest19476910965968 20266599
    [Google Scholar]
  8. HaldiJ. WynnW. BentleyK.D. LawM.L. Dental caries in the albino rat in relation to the chemical composition of the teeth and of the diet. IV. Variations in the Ca/P ratio of the diet induced by changing the calcium content.J. Nutr.195967464565310.1093/jn/67.4.645 13642153
    [Google Scholar]
  9. DanielsT.E. SilvermanS.Jr MichalskiJ.P. GreenspanJ.S. SylvesterR.A. TalalN. The oral component of Sjögren’s syndrome.Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol.197539687588510.1016/0030‑4220(75)90108‑5 1055974
    [Google Scholar]
  10. FinnS.B. KlapperC.E. VokerJ.F. Intra-oral effects upon experimental hamster caries.Advances in experimental caries research.Washington, DCAmerican Association for the Advancement of Sciences1955155168
    [Google Scholar]
  11. FrankR.M. HerdlyJ. PhilippeE. Acquired dental defects and salivary gland lesions after irradiation for carcinoma.J. Am. Dent. Assoc.19657086888310.14219/jada.archive.1965.0220 14257519
    [Google Scholar]
  12. KarmiolM. WalshR.F. Dental caries after radiotherapy of the oral regions.J. Am. Dent. Assoc.197591483884510.14219/jada.archive.1975.0493 1057626
    [Google Scholar]
  13. OhE. LunerP.E. Surface free energy of ethylcellulose films and the influence of plasticizers.Int. J. Pharm.1999188220321910.1016/S0378‑5173(99)00224‑0 10518676
    [Google Scholar]
  14. BruniG. AmiciL. BerbenniV. Drug-excipient compatibility studies. Search of interaction indicators.J. Therm. Anal. Calorim.200268256157310.1023/A:1016052121973
    [Google Scholar]
  15. DouglassA.B. DouglassJ.M. Common dental emergencies.Am. Fam. Physician2003673511516 12588073
    [Google Scholar]
  16. ShahN. Oral and dental diseases: Causes, prevention and treatment strategies.NCMH Background Papers•Burden of Disease in India.New DelhiMinistry of Health, Government of India2005275278
    [Google Scholar]
  17. ChristensenK.S. CohenA.E. MermelsteinF.H. The analgesic efficacy and safety of a novel intranasal morphine formulation (morphine plus chitosan), immediate release oral morphine, intravenous morphine, and placebo in a postsurgical dental pain model.Anesth. Analg.200810762018202410.1213/ane.0b013e318187b952 19020153
    [Google Scholar]
  18. MaslamaniM. SedeqiF. Antibiotic and analgesic prescription patterns among dentists or management of dental pain and infection during endodontic treatment.Med. Princ. Pract.2018271667210.1159/000486416 29262417
    [Google Scholar]
  19. CopeA. FrancisN. WoodF. MannM.K. ChestnuttI.G. Systemic antibiotics for symptomatic apical periodontitis and acute apical abscess in adults.Cochrane Database Syst. Rev.20146 CD01013610.1002/14651858.CD010136.pub2 24967571
    [Google Scholar]
  20. DanaR. AzarpazhoohA. LaghapourN. SudaK.J. OkunseriC. Role of Dentists in Prescribing Opioid Analgesics and Antibiotics: An Overview.Dent. Clin. North Am.201862227929410.1016/j.cden.2017.11.007 29478458
    [Google Scholar]
  21. DoshiA. AsawaK. BhatN. Knowledge and practices of Indian dental students regarding the prescription of antibiotics and analgesics.Clujul Med.2017904431437 29151794
    [Google Scholar]
  22. AgnihotryA. FedorowiczZ. van ZuurenE.J. FarmanA.G. Al-LangawiJ.H. Antibiotic use for irreversible pulpitis.Cochrane Database Syst. Rev.20162 CD004969 26886473
    [Google Scholar]
  23. MittalD. AliA. MdS. BabootaS. SahniJ.K. AliJ. Insights into direct nose to brain delivery: current status and future perspective.Drug Deliv.2014212758610.3109/10717544.2013.838713 24102636
    [Google Scholar]
  24. PondS.M. TozerT.N. First-pass elimination. Basic concepts and clinical consequences.Clin. Pharmacokinet.19849112510.2165/00003088‑198409010‑00001 6362950
    [Google Scholar]
  25. ShimH.J. KimY.C. ParkK.J. Pharmacokinetics of DA-8159, a new erectogenic, after intravenous and oral administration to rats: hepatic and intestinal first-pass effects.J. Pharm. Sci.200392112185219510.1002/jps.10482 14603504
    [Google Scholar]
  26. van HoogdalemE. de BoerA.G. BreimerD.D. Pharmacokinetics of rectal drug administration, Part I. General considerations and clinical applications of centrally acting drugs.Clin. Pharmacokinet.1991211112610.2165/00003088‑199121010‑00002 1717195
    [Google Scholar]
  27. FosterR.H. GoaK.L. Paroxetine: a review of its pharmacology and therapeutic potential in the management of panic disorder.CNS Drugs19978216318810.2165/00023210‑199708020‑00010 23338224
    [Google Scholar]
  28. MukherjeeB. RoyG. GhoshS. Development of Denticap, a matrix based sustained release formulation for treatment of toothache, dental infection and other gum problem.Curr. Drug Deliv.20096219920710.2174/156720109787846270 19450227
    [Google Scholar]
  29. GuptaA. GargS. KharR.K. Measurement of bioadhesive buccal tablets: design of an in vitro assembly.Indian Drugs1993304152155
    [Google Scholar]
  30. GhoshS. RoyG. MukherjeeB. Dental mold: a novel formulation to treat common dental disorders.AAPS PharmSciTech200910269270210.1208/s12249‑009‑9255‑9 19466555
    [Google Scholar]
  31. HartleyG. MckenzieC. GreenmanJ. Tongue Microbiota and Malodour: Effects of Metronidazole Mouthrinse on Tongue Microbiota and Breath Odour.Microb. Ecol. Health Dis.1999114226232
    [Google Scholar]
  32. SchlosserR. HebbesT. Effect of a dedicated oral care program on periodontal status of medically compromised patients at the Toronto Rehabilitation Institute Dental Clinic.Gen. Dent.2016644e5e9 27367641
    [Google Scholar]
  33. OroszSE JonesMP CoxSK Pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid in blue-fronted amazon parrots (Amazona aestiva aestiva). J Avian Med Surg 2000; 14(2): 107-12.10.1647/1082‑6742(2000)014[0107:POAPCA]2.0.CO;2
  34. Bascones-Martinez A, Fiquero-Ruiz E. Periodontal diseases as bacterial infection. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2004; 9(Suppl:101-7): 92-100.
  35. AkincibayH. OrsalS.O. SengünD. TözümT.F. Systemic administration of doxycycline versus metronidazole plus amoxicillin in the treatment of localized aggressive periodontitis: a clinical and microbiologic study.Quintessence Int.2008392e33e39 18567166
    [Google Scholar]
  36. KhaliqW. AlamS. PuriN. Topical lidocaine for the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia.Cochrane Database Syst. Rev.2007182 CD00484610.1002/14651858.CD004846.pub2 17443559
    [Google Scholar]
  37. StoltenbergJ.L. OsbornJ.B. CarlsonJ.F. HodgesJ.S. MichalowiczB.S. A preliminary study of intra-pocket topical versus injected anaesthetic for scaling and root planing.J. Clin. Periodontol.2007341089289610.1111/j.1600‑051X.2007.01128.x 17850608
    [Google Scholar]
  38. KasajA. HeibA. WillershausenB. Effectiveness of a topical salve (Dynexan) on pain sensitivity and early wound healing following nonsurgical periodontal therapy.Eur. J. Med. Res.2007125196199 17513190
    [Google Scholar]
  39. LeopoldA. WilsonS. WeaverJ.S. MoursiA.M. Pharmacokinetics of lidocaine delivered from a transmucosal patch in children.Anesth. Prog.20024938287 15384296
    [Google Scholar]
  40. ManasadeepaR. PaulP. MukherjeeB. Pressure-sensitive mucoadhesive polymer-based dental patches to treat periodontal diseases: an in vitro study.Drug Deliv.201320625826710.3109/10717544.2013.823330 23869789
    [Google Scholar]
  41. MandalD. ShawT.K. DeyG. Preferential hepatic uptake of paclitaxel-loaded poly-(d-l-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles - A possibility for hepatic drug targeting: Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution.Int. J. Biol. Macromol.201811281883010.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.02.021 29421493
    [Google Scholar]
  42. DuttaL. MukherjeeB. ChakrabortyT. Lipid-based nanocarrier efficiently delivers highly water soluble drug across the blood-brain barrier into brain.Drug Deliv.201825150451610.1080/10717544.2018.1435749 29426257
    [Google Scholar]
  43. MondalL. MukherjeeB. DasK. CD-340 functionalized doxorubicin-loaded nanoparticle induces apoptosis and reduces tumor volume along with drug-related cardiotoxicity in mice.Int. J. Nanomedicine2019148073809410.2147/IJN.S220740 31632019
    [Google Scholar]
  44. DuttaD. PaulB. MukherjeeB. Nanoencapsulated betulinic acid analogue distinctively improves colorectal carcinoma in vitro and in vivo.Sci. Rep.2019911150610.1038/s41598‑019‑47743‑y 31395908
    [Google Scholar]
  45. ChakrabortyS. EhsanI. MukherjeeB. Therapeutic potential of andrographolide-loaded nanoparticles on a murine asthma model.Nanomedicine (Lond.)2019 2010200610.1016/j.nano.2019.04.009 31059793
    [Google Scholar]
  46. SenguptaS. PaulP. MukherjeeB. Peripheral nerve targeting by procaine-conjugated ribavirin-loaded dual drug nanovesicle.Nanomedicine (Lond.)201813233009302310.2217/nnm‑2018‑0192 30507340
    [Google Scholar]
  47. BhattacharyaS. MondalL. MukherjeeB. Apigenin loaded nanoparticle delayed development of hepatocellular carcinoma in rats.Nanomedicine (Lond.)20181461905191710.1016/j.nano.2018.05.011 29802937
    [Google Scholar]
  48. SalzU. BockT. Testing adhesion of direct restoratives to dental hard tissue - a review.J. Adhes. Dent.2010125343371 20978636
    [Google Scholar]
  49. SemaltyA. BhojwaniM. Design and evaluation of mucoadhesive buccal films of diltiazem hydrochloride.Indian J. Pharm. Sci.2005675548552
    [Google Scholar]
  50. PatelV.M. PrajapatiB.G. PatelH.V. PatelK.M. Mucoadhesive bilayer tablets of propranolol hydrochloride.AAPS PharmSciTech200783 E7710.1208/pt0803077 17915827
    [Google Scholar]
  51. NafeeN.A. IsmailF.A. BoraieN.A. MortadaL.M. Mucoadhesive buccal patches of miconazole nitrate: in vitro/in vivo performance and effect of ageing.Int. J. Pharm.20032641-211410.1016/S0378‑5173(03)00371‑5 12972331
    [Google Scholar]
  52. BaratR. SrinathaA. PanditJ.K. Niridazole biodegradable inserts for local long-term treatment of periodontitis: possible new life for an orphan drug.Drug Deliv.200613536537310.1080/10717540500398126 16877312
    [Google Scholar]
  53. DawesC. Salivary flow patterns and the health of hard and soft oral tissues.J. Am. Dent. Assoc.2008139Suppl.18S24S10.14219/jada.archive.2008.0351 18460676
    [Google Scholar]
  54. MerchantH.A. ShoaibH.M. TazeenJ. YousufR.I. Once-daily tablet formulation and in vitro release evaluation of cefpodoxime using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose: A technical note.AAPS PharmSciTech200673E178E18310.1208/pt070378 28290013
    [Google Scholar]
  55. DeyN.S. MukherjeeB. MajiR. SatapathyB.S. Development of Linker-Conjugated Nanosize Lipid Vesicles: A Strategy for Cell Selective Treatment in Breast Cancer.Curr. Cancer Drug Targets201616435737210.2174/1568009616666151106120606 26548758
    [Google Scholar]
  56. DevarajanS. LakshmiS. Simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of valdecoxib and tizanidine in tablets.Indian J. Pharm. Sci.200668224024210.4103/0250‑474X.25725
    [Google Scholar]
  57. GirirajP. SivakkumarT. New Simple Spectrophotometric Method for the Simultaneous Estimation of Paracetamol and Flupirtine Maleate in Pure and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form.Int. J. Spectrosc.2014 96842010.1155/2014/968420
    [Google Scholar]
  58. AttiaK.A.M. El-AbasawiN.M. El-OlemyA. AbdelazimA.H. Application of different spectrophotometric methods for simultaneous determination of elbasvir and grazoprevir in pharmaceutical preparation.Spectrochim. Acta A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc.201818915416010.1016/j.saa.2017.08.026 28806701
    [Google Scholar]
  59. ShettyP.R. PatilD.D. Applications of simultaneous equation method and derivative method for the determination of rabeprazole sodium and levosulpiride in pharmaceutical dosage form and dissolution samples.J Assoc Arab Uni Basic App Sci201415536010.1016/j.jaubas.2013.05.005
    [Google Scholar]
  60. DangeY.D. SalunkheV.R. BhingeS. Simultaneous equation method for the estimation of palbociclib and letrozole by uv-visible spectrophotometry.Indian Drugs20175496166
    [Google Scholar]
  61. SharmaR. PathodiyaG. MishraG.P. Spectrophotometric Methods for Simultaneous Estimation of Paracetamol and Diclofenac Sodium in Combined Dosage Form by Application of Hydrotropic Solubilization.J Pharm Sci & Res2010212821826
    [Google Scholar]
  62. RaoK.S. BanerjeeA. KesharN.K. Spectrophotometric methods for the simultaneous estimation of ofloxacin and tinidazole in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form.Chron Young Sci2011229810210.4103/2229‑5186.82974
    [Google Scholar]
  63. BrittainH.G. Solid-state fluorescence of the trihydrate phases of ampicillin and amoxicillin.AAPS PharmSciTech200563E444E44810.1208/pt060355 16354003
    [Google Scholar]
  64. Abu-HuwaijR. AssafS. SalemM. SallamA. Mucoadhesive dosage form of lidocaine hydrochloride: I. Mucoadhesive and physicochemical characterization.Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm.200733885586410.1080/03639040701377516 17729103
    [Google Scholar]
  65. SinghS.K. FanL.T. A generalized model for swelling-controlled release systems.Biotechnol. Prog.19862314515610.1002/btpr.5420020309 20568207
    [Google Scholar]
  66. CollysK.D. Roma de SousaA.C. Smeyers-VerbekeJ. Soluble denture adhesives: pH and sodium content.Eur. J. Prosthodont. Restor. Dent.1997526367 9487813
    [Google Scholar]
  67. SinghB. AhujaN. Development of controlled-release buccoadhesive hydrophilic matrices of diltiazem hydrochloride: optimization of bioadhesion, dissolution, and diffusion parameters.Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm.200228443144210.1081/DDC‑120003004 12056536
    [Google Scholar]
  68. BadranD. SoutarD.S. RobertsonA.G. Scanning electron microscopy of the surface morphology of superficial cells of buccal mucosa is unlikely to be useful in monitoring radiotherapy.Clin. Anat.199471344110.1002/ca.980070107
    [Google Scholar]
  69. HamadaS. ToriiM. KotaniS. TsuchitaniY. Adherence of Streptococcus sanguis clinical isolates to smooth surfaces and interactions of the isolates with Streptococcus mutans glucosyltransferase.Infect. Immun.198132136437210.1128/IAI.32.1.364‑372.1981 6452415
    [Google Scholar]
  70. MukherjeeB. DasS. PatraB. Nefopam containing transdermal- matrix based on pressure-sensitive adhesive polymers.Pharmaceutical Technology (USA)200630146163
    [Google Scholar]
  71. KakishH.F. TashtoushB. IbrahimH.G. NajibN.M. A novel approach for the preparation of highly loaded polymeric controlled release dosage forms of diltiazem HCl and diclofenac sodium.Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm.2002541758110.1016/S0939‑6411(02)00035‑8 12084505
    [Google Scholar]
  72. McCauleyJ.A. BrittainH.G. Thermal methods of analysis.Physical characterization of pharmaceutical solids.New YorkMarcel Dekker199522325210.1201/b14204‑9
    [Google Scholar]
  73. KöttingC. GerwertK. Monitoring protein-ligand interactions by time-resolved FTIR difference spectroscopy.Methods Mol. Biol.2013100829932310.1007/978‑1‑62703‑398‑5_11 23729257
    [Google Scholar]
  74. WongS.M. KellawayI.W. MurdanS. Enhancement of the dissolution rate and oral absorption of a poorly water soluble drug by formation of surfactant-containing microparticles.Int. J. Pharm.20063171616810.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.03.001 16647232
    [Google Scholar]
  75. BussemerT. BodmeierR. Formulation parameters affecting the performance of coated gelatin capsules with pulsatile release profiles.Int. J. Pharm.20032671-2596810.1016/j.ijpharm.2003.07.008 14602384
    [Google Scholar]
  76. GulsenD. ChauhanA. Effect of water content on transparency, swelling, lidocaine diffusion in p-HEMA gels.J. Membr. Sci.20062691-2354810.1016/j.memsci.2005.06.024
    [Google Scholar]
  77. SongM. LiN. SunS. TiedtL.R. LiebenbergW. de VilliersM.M. Effect of viscosity and concentration of wall former, emulsifier and pore-inducer on the properties of amoxicillin microcapsules prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation.Farmaco200560326126710.1016/j.farmac.2004.11.009 15784247
    [Google Scholar]
  78. LiechtyW.B. KryscioD.R. SlaughterB.V. PeppasN.A. Polymers for drug delivery systems.Annu. Rev. Chem. Biomol. Eng.2010114917310.1146/annurev‑chembioeng‑073009‑100847 22432577
    [Google Scholar]
  79. PinoC.J. SchererM.A. ShastriV.P. Investigation of the transdermal transport of charged local anesthetics in the presence of triterpene saponin glycosides.Drug Deliv. Transl. Res.20144213113810.1007/s13346‑013‑0186‑3 25786727
    [Google Scholar]
  80. DongW. BodmeierR. Encapsulation of lipophilic drugs within enteric microparticles by a novel coacervation method.Int. J. Pharm.20063261-212813810.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.07.013 16942845
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/cdent/10.2174/2542579X02666200309124751
Loading
/content/journals/cdent/10.2174/2542579X02666200309124751
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error
Please enter a valid_number test