Skip to content
2000
  1. Home
  2. A-Z Publications
  3. Recent Advances in Food Nutrition & Agriculture
  4. Fast Track Articles
  5. Fast Track Article
image of Redefining Chronic Disease Care: Unleashing the Potential of Phytomedicines

Abstract

Phytomedicines represent a diverse array of plant-derived compounds renowned for their therapeutic potential. Traditionally, these mixtures were extracted using water or ethanol, but simpler methods like tea infusions are gaining prominence. However, ensuring the efficacy and safety of phytomedicines demands high-quality plant material and stringent production processes. Advancements in biological screening techniques have shed light on the mechanisms of action of phytomedicines, emphasizing the significance of synergistic interactions among their constituents. Ten widely-used phytomedicines are outlined, detailing their applications, efficacy, and safety profiles, underscoring their global importance in healthcare. Moreover, ongoing research in phytomedicine development showcases the rich biodiversity's capacity to yield novel medicinal compounds. These studies highlight the potential of untapped plant sources in providing innovative solutions to medical challenges, offering promising avenues for future therapeutics. In essence, the utilization of phytomedicines underscores a fusion of traditional knowledge with modern scientific approaches, emphasizing both the importance of respecting ancient remedies and harnessing contemporary advancements for improved healthcare outcomes.

© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/rafna/10.2174/012772574X324849240912071511
2024-10-28
2025-06-22

  • From This Site

    /content/journals/rafna/10.2174/012772574X324849240912071511
    dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
    -contentType:Contributor -contentType:Concept -contentType:Institution
    10
    5
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Chan P.C. Xia Q. Fu P.P. Ginkgo biloba leave extract: biological, medicinal, and toxicological effects. J. Environ. Sci. Health Part C Environ. Carcinog. Ecotoxicol. Rev. 2007 25 3 211 244 10.1080/10590500701569414 17763047
    [Google Scholar]
  2. El-Sabban F. Abouazra H. Effect of garlic on atherosclerosis and its factors. East. Mediterr. Health J. 2008 14 1 195 205 18557469
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Emendörfer F. Emendörfer F. Bellato F. Noldin V.F. Niero R. Cechinel-Filho V. Cardozo A.M. Evaluation of the relaxant action of some Brazilian medicinal plants in isolated guinea-pig ileum and rat duodenum. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci. 2005 8 1 63 68 15946599
    [Google Scholar]
  4. WHO, Traditional medicine. Available from:https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/traditional-medicine(accessed on 26-8-2024)
  5. Hes T. Proposed Institutionalization of a Global Pro-Conservationist Second Floor Microfinancing System Inspired by Nexus Between Biodiversity, Poverty and Population Growth: Example of Toba Samosir and Samosir Regency in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Int. J. Ecol. Econ. Stat. 2017 38 28 40
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Anke J. Ramzan I. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic drug interactions with Kava (Piper methysticum Forst. f.). J. Ethnopharmacol. 2004 93 2-3 153 160 10.1016/j.jep.2004.04.009 15234747
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Fitzpatrick L.A. Soy isoflavones: hope or hype? Maturitas 2003 44 Suppl. 1 S21 S29 10.1016/S0378‑5122(02)00345‑6 12609556
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Butterweck V. Schmidt M. St. John’s wort: Role of active compounds for its mechanism of action and efficacy. Wien. Med. Wochenschr. 2007 157 13-14 356 361 10.1007/s10354‑007‑0440‑8 17704987
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Alves R.J.V. Jotz G.P. do Amaral V.S. Montes T.M.H. Menezes H.S. de Andrade H.H.R. The evaluation of maté (Ilex paraguariensis) genetic toxicity in human lymphocytes by the cytokinesis-block in the micronucleus assay. Toxicol. In Vitro 2008 22 3 695 698 10.1016/j.tiv.2007.11.005 18083001
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Swiderski F. Dabrowska M. Rusaczonek A. Waszkiewicz-Robak B. Bioactive substances of garlic and their role in dietoprophylaxis and dietotherapy. Rocz. Panstw. Zakl. Hig. 2007 58 1 41 46 17711089
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Bilia A.R. Gallori S. Vincieri F.F. Kava-kava and anxiety: Growing knowledge about the efficacy and safety. Life Sci. 2002 70 22 2581 2597 10.1016/S0024‑3205(02)01555‑2 12269386
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Bagalkotkar G. Sagineedu S.R. Saad M.S. Stanslas J. Phytochemicals from Phyllanthus niruri Linn. and their pharmacological properties: a review. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 2010 58 12 1559 1570 10.1211/jpp.58.12.0001 17331318
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Gurib-Fakim A. Medicinal plants: Traditions of yesterday and drugs of tomorrow. Mol. Aspects Med. 2006 27 1 1 93 10.1016/j.mam.2005.07.008 16105678
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Calixto J.B. Santos A.R.S. Filho V.C. Yunes R.A. A review of the plants of the genusPhyllanthus: Their chemistry, pharmacology, and therapeutic potential. Med. Res. Rev. 1998 18 4 225 258 10.1002/(SICI)1098‑1128(199807)18:4<225::AID‑MED2>3.0.CO;2‑X 9664291
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Calixto J.B. Cordia verbenacea. Arquivos Brasileiros de Fitomedicina Científica. 2005 2 5 8
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Emendörfer F. Emendörfer F. Bellato F. Noldin V.F. Cechinel-Filho V. Yunes R.A. Monache F.D. Cardozo A.M. Antispasmodic activity of fractions and cynaropicrin from Cynara scolymus on guinea-pig ileum. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 2005 28 5 902 904 10.1248/bpb.28.902 15863902
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Hemaiswarya S. Kruthiventi A.K. Doble M. Synergism between natural products and antibiotics against infectious diseases. Phytomedicine 2008 15 8 639 652 10.1016/j.phymed.2008.06.008 18599280
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Heck C.I. De Mejia E.G. Yerba Mate Tea (Ilex paraguariensis): a comprehensive review on chemistry, health implications, and technological considerations. J. Food Sci. 2007 72 9 R138 R151 10.1111/j.1750‑3841.2007.00535.x 18034743
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Cechinel Filho V. Yunes R.A. Novas perspectivas dos produtos naturais na química medicinal. Química de produtos naturais, novos fármacos e a moderna farmacognosia. UNIVALI 2007
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Carlini E.L.A. Estudo da ação antiúlcera gástrica de plantas brasileiras: Maytenus ilicifolia (Espinheira Santa). Brasília, DF, Brasil CEME/AFIP 1988
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Gathirwa J.W. Rukunga G.M. Mwitari P.G. Mwikwabe N.M. Kimani C.W. Muthaura C.N. Kiboi D.M. Nyangacha R.M. Omar S.A. Traditional herbal antimalarial therapy in Kilifi district, Kenya. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2011 134 2 434 442 10.1016/j.jep.2010.12.043 21211554
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Lampronti I. Khan M. Bianchi N. Ather A. Borgatti M. Vizziello L. Fabbri E. Gambari R. Bangladeshi medicinal plant extracts inhibiting molecular interactions between nuclear factors and target DNA sequences mimicking NF-kappaB binding sites. Med. Chem. 2005 1 4 327 333 10.2174/1573406054368684 16789890
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Konkimalla V.S. Wang G. Kaina B. Efferth T. Microarray-based expression of DNA repair genes does not correlate with growth inhibition of cancer cells by natural products derived from traditional Chinese medicine. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2008 5 2 79 84 18460736
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Cravotto G. Boffa L. Genzini L. Garella D. Phytotherapeutics: an evaluation of the potential of 1000 plants. J. Clin. Pharm. Ther. 2010 35 1 11 48 10.1111/j.1365‑2710.2009.01096.x 20175810
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Mattoli L. Cangi F. Maidecchi A. Ghiara C. Ragazzi E. Tubaro M. Stella L. Tisato F. Traldi P. Aboca S. Metabolomic fingerprinting of plant extracts. J. Mass Spectrom. 2006 41 12 1534 1545 10.1002/jms.1099 17051519
    [Google Scholar]
  26. van der Kooy F. Maltese F. Hae Choi Y. Kyong Kim H. Verpoorte R. Quality control of herbal material and phytopharmaceuticals with MS and NMR based metabolic fingerprinting. Planta Med. 2009 75 7 763 775 10.1055/s‑0029‑1185450 19288400
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Langfield R.D. Scarano F.J. Heitzman M.E. Kondo M. Hammond G.B. Neto C.C. Use of a modified microplate bioassay method to investigate antibacterial activity in the Peruvian medicinal plant Peperomia galioides. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2004 94 2-3 279 281 10.1016/j.jep.2004.06.013 15325731
    [Google Scholar]
  28. McKay D.L. Blumberg J.B. A Review of the bioactivity and potential health benefits of chamomile tea ( Matricaria recutita L.). Phytother. Res. 2006 20 7 519 530 10.1002/ptr.1900 16628544
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Kava K. Monograph. Altern. Med. Rev. 1998 3 459 461
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Lemberkovics E. Kéry A. Marczal G. Simándi B. Szöke E. Phytochemical evaluation of essential oils, medicinal plants and their preparations. Acta Pharm. Hung. 1998 68 3 141 149 9703700
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Liu K. Soybeans: Chemistry, Technology and Utilization. New York, NY Chapman & Hall 1997 10.1007/978‑1‑4615‑1763‑4
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Cheng Y. Wang Y. Wang X. A causal relationship discovery-based approach to identifying active components of herbal medicine. Comput. Biol. Chem. 2006 30 2 148 154 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2005.11.003 16542877
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Korean patent 2004089046. 2006
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Messina M.J. Wood C.E. Soy isoflavones, estrogen therapy, and breast cancer risk: analysis and commentary. Nutr. J. 2008 7 17
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Available from: http://www.finep.gov.br/dcom/brasilinovador.pdf(accessed on 26-8-2024)
  36. Mariot M.P. Barbieri R.L. Metabólitos secundários e propriedades medicinais da espinheira santa (Maytenus ilicifolia Mart. ex Reiss. e M. aquifolium Mart.). Rev Bras Pl Med. 2007 9 89 99
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Mills S.Y. Steinhoff B. Kava-kava: a lesson for the phytomedicine community. Phytomedicine 2003 10 2-3 261 262 10.1078/094471103321660003 12725583
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Queiroz M.L.S. Valadares M.C. Torello C.O. Ramos A.L. Oliveira A.B. Rocha F.D. Arruda V.A. Accorci W.R. Comparative studies of the effects of Tabebuia avellanedae bark extract and β-lapachone on the hematopoietic response of tumour-bearing mice. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2008 117 2 228 235 10.1016/j.jep.2008.01.034 18343063
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Rizzo I. Vedoya G. Maurutto S. Haidukowski M. Varsavsky E. Assessment of toxigenic fungi on Argentinean medicinal herbs. Microbiol. Res. 2004 159 2 113 120 10.1016/j.micres.2004.01.013 15293944
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Pittler M.H. Ernst E. Clinical effectiveness of garlic ( Allium sativum ). Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 2007 51 11 1382 1385 10.1002/mnfr.200700073 17918163
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Setchell K.D.R. Lydeking-Olsen E. Dietary phytoestrogens and their effect on bone: evidence from in vitro and in vivo, human observational, and dietary intervention studies. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2003 78 3 Suppl. 593S 609S 10.1093/ajcn/78.3.593S 12936954
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Santos A.R.S. Filho V.C. Yunes R.A. Calixto J.B. Analysis of the mechanisms underlying the antinociceptive effect of the extracts of plants from the genus Phyllanthus. Gen. Pharmacol. 1995 26 7 1499 1506 10.1016/0306‑3623(95)00030‑5 8690236
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Sharangi A.B. Medicinal and therapeutic potentialities of tea (Camellia sinensis L.) – A review. Food Res. Int. 2009 42 5-6 529 535 10.1016/j.foodres.2009.01.007
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Salles T. Maria T. Vanderlan V. Macedo F. Van de Meent M. Rhee I.K. Verpoorte R. Seleção de plantas com atividade anticolinasterase para tratamento da doença de Alzheimer. Quim. Nova 2003 23 301 304
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Prediger R.D.S. Fernandes M.S. Rial D. Wopereis S. Pereira V.S. Bosse T.S. Da Silva C.B. Carradore R.S. Machado M.S. Cechinel-Filho V. Costa-Campos L. Effects of acute administration of the hydroalcoholic extract of mate tea leaves (Ilex paraguariensis) in animal models of learning and memory. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2008 120 3 465 473 10.1016/j.jep.2008.09.018 18948179
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Noldin V.F. Cechinel Filho V. Monache F.D. Benassi J.C. Christmann I.L. Pedrosa R.C. Yunes R.A. Composição química e atividades biológicas das folhas de Cynara scolymus L. (alcachofra) cultivada no Brasil. Quim. Nova 2003 26 3 331 334 10.1590/S0100‑40422003000300008
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Peter J.H. Valerian: the genus Valeriana. Amsterdam, the Netherlands Harwood Academic Publishers 1997
    [Google Scholar]
  48. Singh Y.N. Potential for interaction of kava and St. John’s wort with drugs. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2005 100 1-2 108 113 10.1016/j.jep.2005.05.014 16005588
    [Google Scholar]
  49. Shale T.L. Stirk W.A. van Staden J. Screening of medicinal plants used in Lesotho for anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory activity. J. Ethnopharmacol. 1999 67 3 347 354 10.1016/S0378‑8741(99)00035‑5 10617071
    [Google Scholar]
  50. Taibi D.M. Landis C.A. Petry H. Vitiello M.V. A systematic review of valerian as a sleep aid: Safe but not effective. Sleep Med. Rev. 2007 11 3 209 230 10.1016/j.smrv.2007.03.002 17517355
    [Google Scholar]
  51. Turiák G. Farkasné T.I. Problems involved in standardization of flavonoids in crude drugs and extracts from medicinal plants. Acta Pharm. Hung. 1987 57 5 193 198 3434288
    [Google Scholar]
  52. Wilt T. Ishani A. Stark G. MacDonald R. Mulrow C. Lau J. Serenoa repens for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (Cochrane Review). The Cochrane Library Oxford The Cochrane 1999
    [Google Scholar]
  53. Wurglics M. Schubert-Zsilavecz M. Hypericum perforatum: a ‘modern’ herbal antidepressant: pharmacokinetics of active ingredients. Clin. Pharmacokinet. 2006 45 5 449 468 10.2165/00003088‑200645050‑00002 16640452
    [Google Scholar]
  54. Zuin V.G. Vilegas J.H.Y. Pesticide residues in medicinal plants and phytomedicines. Phytother. Res. 2000 14 2 73 88 10.1002/(SICI)1099‑1573(200003)14:2<73::AID‑PTR577>3.0.CO;2‑# 10685102
    [Google Scholar]
  55. Wang Y. Tang H. Nicholson J.K. Hylands P.J. Sampson J. Whitcombe I. Stewart C.G. Caiger S. Oru I. Holmes E. Metabolomic strategy for the classification and quality control of phytomedicine: a case study of chamomile flower (Matricaria recutita L.). Planta Med. 2004 70 3 250 255 10.1055/s‑2004‑815543 15114503
    [Google Scholar]
  56. Wagner H. “New targets in phytopharmacology of plants” in Herbal Medicine. A concise overview for professionals. Ernst E. Britain Butterwoth-Heinemann G. 2000
    [Google Scholar]
  57. Yadav N.P. Pal A. Shanker K. Bawankule D.U. Gupta A.K. Darokar M.P. S Khanuja S.P. Synergistic effect of silymarin and standardized extract of Phyllanthus amarus against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in Rattus norvegicus. Phytomedicine 2008 15 12 1053 1061 10.1016/j.phymed.2008.08.002 18848770
    [Google Scholar]
  58. Vacek J. Klejdus B. Kubán V. [Hypericin and hyperforin: bioactive components of St. John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum). Their isolation, analysis and study of physiological effect]. Ceska Slov. Farm. 2007 56 2 62 66 17619301
    [Google Scholar]
  59. Wagner H. Ulrich-Merzenich G. Synergy research: Approaching a new generation of phytopharmaceuticals. Phytomedicine 2009 16 2-3 97 110 10.1016/j.phymed.2008.12.018 19211237
    [Google Scholar]
  60. Wegener T. Fintelmann V. [Pharmacological properties and therapeutic profile of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.)]. Wien. Med. Wochenschr. 1999 149 8-10 241 247 10483691
    [Google Scholar]
  61. Grover J.K. Yadav S. Vats V. Medicinal plants of India with anti-diabetic potential. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2002 81 1 81 100 10.1016/S0378‑8741(02)00059‑4 12020931
    [Google Scholar]
  62. Scartezzini P. Speroni E. Review on some plants of Indian traditional medicine with antioxidant activity. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2000 71 1-2 23 43 10.1016/S0378‑8741(00)00213‑0 10904144
    [Google Scholar]
  63. Seth S.D. Sharma B. Medicinal plants in India. Indian J. Med. Res. 2004 120 1 9 11 15299226
    [Google Scholar]
  64. Ramachandran A. Snehalatha C. Viswanathan V. Burden of type 2 diabetes and its complications- the Indian scenario. Curr. Sci. 2002 83 1471 1476
    [Google Scholar]
  65. Matteucci E. Giampietro O. Oxidative stress in families of type 1 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 2000 23 8 1182 1186 10.2337/diacare.23.8.1182 10937519
    [Google Scholar]
  66. Oberley L.W. Free radicals and diabetes. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 1988 5 2 113 124 10.1016/0891‑5849(88)90036‑6 3075947
    [Google Scholar]
  67. Baynes J.W. Thorpe S.R. The role of oxidative stress in diabetic complications. Curr. Opin. Endocrinol. Diabetes 1996 3 4 277 284 10.1097/00060793‑199608000‑00001
    [Google Scholar]
  68. Lipinski B. Pathophysiology of oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus. J. Diabetes Complications 2001 15 4 203 210 10.1016/S1056‑8727(01)00143‑X 11457673
    [Google Scholar]
  69. Vasudevan M. Parle M. Pharmacological actions of Thespesia populnea relevant to Alzheimer’s disease. Phytomedicine 2006 13 9-10 677 687 10.1016/j.phymed.2006.01.007 16860552
    [Google Scholar]
  70. Kupfermann I. Learning and Memory, Principles of neural science. London Prentice Hall International 1993
    [Google Scholar]
  71. Francis P.T. Palmer A.M. Snape M. Wilcock G.K. The cholinergic hypothesis of Alzheimer’s disease: a review of progress. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 1999 66 2 137 147 10.1136/jnnp.66.2.137 10071091
    [Google Scholar]
  72. Joshi H. Megeri K. Bidchol M.A. Kulkarni V.H. Clerodendron phlomidis Linn improves short term memory of chemically and naturally induced amnesia in mice. Nat Prod. 2007 3 3 166 170
    [Google Scholar]
  73. Kim D.H. Yoon B.H. Kim Y.W. Lee S. Shin B.Y. Jung J.W. Kim H.J. Lee Y.S. Choi J.S. Kim S.Y. Lee K.T. Ryu J.H. The seed extract of Cassia obtusifolia ameliorates learning and memory impairments induced by scopolamine or transient cerebral hypoperfusion in mice. J. Pharmacol. Sci. 2007 105 1 82 93 10.1254/jphs.FP0061565 17895591
    [Google Scholar]
  74. Beers M.H. The Merck manual of medical information. 2nd ed New Jersey Merck and Co, INC 2003
    [Google Scholar]
  75. Oliveira D.R. Sanada P.F. Saragossa F.A.C. Innocenti L.R. Oler G. Cerutti J.M. Cerutti S.M. Neuromodulatory property of standardized extract Ginkgo biloba L. (EGb 761) on memory: Behavioral and molecular evidence. Brain Res. 2009 1269 68 89 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.11.105 19146837
    [Google Scholar]
  76. Howes M.J.R. Houghton P.J. Plants used in Chinese and Indian traditional medicine for improvement of memory and cognitive function. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 2003 75 3 513 527 10.1016/S0091‑3057(03)00128‑X 12895669
    [Google Scholar]
  77. Oh M.S. Huh Y. Bae H. Ahn D.K. Park S.K. The multi-herbal formula Guibi-tang enhances memory and increases cell proliferation in the rat hippocampus. Neurosci. Lett. 2005 379 3 205 208 10.1016/j.neulet.2004.12.077 15843064
    [Google Scholar]
  78. Govindarajan R. Vijayakumar M. Pushpangadan P. Antioxidant approach to disease management and the role of ‘Rasayana’ herbs of Ayurveda. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2005 99 2 165 178 10.1016/j.jep.2005.02.035 15894123
    [Google Scholar]
  79. Joshi H. Parle M. Zingiber officinale: evaluation of its nootropic effect in mice. Afr. J. Tradit. Complement. Altern. Med. 2006 3 1 64 74 20162074
    [Google Scholar]
  80. Topic B. Tani E. Tsiakitzis K. Kourounakis P.N. Dere E. Hasenöhrl R.U. Häcker R. Mattern C.M. Huston J.P. Enhanced maze performance and reduced oxidative stress by combined extracts of zingiber officinale and ginkgo biloba in the aged rat. Neurobiol. Aging 2002 23 1 135 143 10.1016/S0197‑4580(01)00241‑X 11755028
    [Google Scholar]
  81. Grzanna R. Phan P. Polotsky A. Lindmark L. Frondoza C.G. Ginger extract inhibits beta-amyloid peptide-induced cytokine and chemokine expression in cultured THP-1 monocytes. J. Altern. Complement. Med. 2004 10 6 1009 1013 10.1089/acm.2004.10.1009 15673995
    [Google Scholar]
  82. Abdelazim A. Khater S. Ali H. Shalaby S. Afifi M. Saddick S. Alkaladi A. Almaghrabi O.A. Panax ginseng improves glucose metabolism in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats through 5′ adenosine monophosphate kinase up-regulation. Saudi J. Biol. Sci. 2019 26 7 1436 1441 10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.06.001 31762606
    [Google Scholar]
  83. Abdel-Zaher A.O. Farghaly H.S.M. El-Refaiy A.E.M. Abd-Eldayem A.M. Protective effect of the standardized leaf extract of G inkgo biloba (EGb761) against hypertension-induced renal injury in rats. Clin. Exp. Hypertens. 2018 40 8 703 714 10.1080/10641963.2018.1425421 29351002
    [Google Scholar]
  84. Abegaz T.M. Tefera Y.G. Befekadu Abebe T. Target Organ Damage and the Long Term Effect of Nonadherence to Clinical Practice Guidelines in Patients with Hypertension: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Int. J. Hypertens. 2017 2017 1 8 10.1155/2017/2637051 28695006
    [Google Scholar]
  85. Aday A.W. Ridker P.M. Antiinflammatory Therapy in Clinical Care: The CANTOS Trial and Beyond. Front. Cardiovasc. Med. 2018 5 62 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00062 29922680
    [Google Scholar]
  86. Ahmad M.F. Ganoderma lucidum: Persuasive biologically active constituents and their health endorsement. Biomed. Pharmacother. 2018 107 507 519 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.036 30114634
    [Google Scholar]
  87. Levey A.S. Coresh J. Chronic kidney disease. Lancet 2012 379 9811 165 180 10.1016/S0140‑6736(11)60178‑5 21840587
    [Google Scholar]
  88. Chen T.K. Knicely D.H. Grams M.E. Chronic kidney disease diagnosis and management: A review. JAMA 2019 322 13 1294 1304 10.1001/jama.2019.14745 31573641
    [Google Scholar]
  89. Levey A.S. Eckardt K.U. Dorman N.M. Christiansen S.L. Hoorn E.J. Ingelfinger J.R. Inker L.A. Levin A. Mehrotra R. Palevsky P.M. Perazella M.A. Tong A. Allison S.J. Bockenhauer D. Briggs J.P. Bromberg J.S. Davenport A. Feldman H.I. Fouque D. Gansevoort R.T. Gill J.S. Greene E.L. Hemmelgarn B.R. Kretzler M. Lambie M. Lane P.H. Laycock J. Leventhal S.E. Mittelman M. Morrissey P. Ostermann M. Rees L. Ronco P. Schaefer F. St Clair Russell J. Vinck C. Walsh S.B. Weiner D.E. Cheung M. Jadoul M. Winkelmayer W.C. Nomenclature for kidney function and disease: Report of a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) consensus conference. Kidney Int. 2020 97 6 1117 1129 10.1016/j.kint.2020.02.010 32409237
    [Google Scholar]
  90. Xie Y. Bowe B. Mokdad A.H. Xian H. Yan Y. Li T. Maddukuri G. Tsai C.Y. Floyd T. Al-Aly Z. Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease study highlights the global, regional, and national trends of chronic kidney disease epidemiology from 1990 to 2016. Kidney Int. 2018 94 3 567 581 10.1016/j.kint.2018.04.011 30078514
    [Google Scholar]
  91. Jha V. Garcia-Garcia G. Iseki K. Li Z. Naicker S. Plattner B. Saran R. Wang A.Y.M. Yang C.W. Chronic kidney disease: global dimension and perspectives. Lancet 2013 382 9888 260 272 10.1016/S0140‑6736(13)60687‑X 23727169
    [Google Scholar]
  92. Glassock R.J. Warnock D.G. Delanaye P. The global burden of chronic kidney disease: estimates, variability and pitfalls. Nat. Rev. Nephrol. 2017 13 2 104 114 10.1038/nrneph.2016.163 27941934
    [Google Scholar]
  93. Hoy W.E. Kincaid-Smith P. Hughson M.D. Fogo A.B. Sinniah R. Dowling J. Samuel T. Mott S.A. Douglas-Denton R.N. Bertram J.F. CKD in Aboriginal Australians. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 2010 56 5 983 993 10.1053/j.ajkd.2010.05.010 20728257
    [Google Scholar]
  94. Zhong Y. Deng Y. Chen Y. Chuang P.Y. Cijiang He J. Therapeutic use of traditional Chinese herbal medications for chronic kidney diseases. Kidney Int. 2013 84 6 1108 1118 10.1038/ki.2013.276 23868014
    [Google Scholar]
  95. Gobe G.C. Wojcikowski K. Nontraditional (non-Western pharmaceutical) treatments for chronic kidney disease. Clin. Nephrol. 2020 93 1 49 54 10.5414/CNP92S108 31829927
    [Google Scholar]
  96. Webster A.C. Nagler E.V. Morton R.L. Masson P. Chronic kidney disease. Lancet 2017 389 10075 1238 1252 10.1016/S0140‑6736(16)32064‑5 27887750
    [Google Scholar]
  97. Schnaper H.W. The tubulointerstitial pathophysiology of progressive kidney disease. Adv. Chronic Kidney Dis. 2017 24 2 107 116 10.1053/j.ackd.2016.11.011 28284376
    [Google Scholar]
  98. Meng X.M. Nikolic-Paterson D.J. Lan H.Y. Inflammatory processes in renal fibrosis. Nat. Rev. Nephrol. 2014 10 9 493 503 10.1038/nrneph.2014.114 24981817
    [Google Scholar]
  99. Djudjaj S. Boor P. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of kidney fibrosis. Mol. Aspects Med. 2019 65 16 36 10.1016/j.mam.2018.06.002 29909119
    [Google Scholar]
  100. Thorpe E. Kenneth. The role of chronic disease and multiple chronic conditions on the level and change in per capita health care spending, 2010-2021. J. Chronic Dis. Manag. 2024
    [Google Scholar]
  101. Ashande M.C. Mpiana P.T. Ethno-botany and pharmacognosy of Ageratum conyzoides L. J. Adv. Med. Life Sci. 2015 2 4 1 6
    [Google Scholar]
  102. de Boer I.H. Khunti K. Sadusky T. Tuttle K.R. Neumiller J.J. Rhee C.M. Rosas S.E. Rossing P. Bakris G. Diabetes management in chronic kidney disease: a consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). Diabetes Care 2022 45 12 3075 3090 10.2337/dci22‑0027 36189689
    [Google Scholar]
  103. Rojas J.C. Chokkara S. Zhu M. Lindenauer P.K. Press V.G. Care quality for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the readmission penalty era. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2023 207 1 29 37 10.1164/rccm.202203‑0496OC 35916652
    [Google Scholar]
  104. Albogami Y. Cusi K. Daniels M.J. Wei Y.J.J. Winterstein A.G. Response to comment on Albogami et al. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and chronic lower respiratory disease exacerbations among patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2021 44 8 e167 10.2337/dci21‑0024 34285101
    [Google Scholar]
  105. Lukman N.A. Leibing A. Merry L. Self-care experiences of adults with chronic disease in Indonesia: an integrative review. Int. J. Chronic Dis. 2020 2020 1 17 10.1155/2020/1379547 32908858
    [Google Scholar]
  106. Alkaff F.F. Illavi F. Salamah S. Setiyawati W. Ramadhani R. Purwantini E. Tahapary D.L. The impact of the Indonesian Chronic Disease Management Program (PROLANIS) on metabolic control and renal function of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in primary care setting. J. Prim. Care Community Health 2021 12 10.1177/2150132720984409 33472499
    [Google Scholar]
  107. Gallo A. Covino M. Lipari A. Pellegrino S. Ibba F. Agnitelli M.C. Tosato M. Landi F. Montalto M. Increase in chronic medications and polypharmacy-the multifaceted burden of COVID-19 disease on public health care. J. Pers. Med. 2023 13 9 1321 10.3390/jpm13091321 37763088
    [Google Scholar]
  108. Lin C.Y. Gentile N.L. Bale L. Rice M. Lee E.S. Ray L.S. Ciol M.A. Implementation of a physical activity vital sign in primary care: associations between physical activity, demographic characteristics, and chronic disease burden. Prev. Chronic Dis. 2022 19 210457 10.5888/pcd19.210457 35749145
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/rafna/10.2174/012772574X324849240912071511
Loading
Redefining Chronic Disease Care: Unleashing the Potential of Phytomedicines
Bentham Science Publishers ; https://doi.org/10.2174/012772574X324849240912071511
/content/journals/rafna/10.2174/012772574X324849240912071511
/content/journals/rafna/10.2174/012772574X324849240912071511
Loading

Data & Media loading...


  • Article Type:     Review Article
Keywords: Phytomedicines ; screening techniques ; cognition ; Plant-derived compounds ; heart ; kidney

Most Cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error
Please enter a valid_number test