Assessment Methods for Various Hepatotoxicities and their Experimental Models: A Review

Globally, liver diseases are a significant public health concern, necessitating the development of new chemicals that can aid in their treatment or prevention. As a result, scientists have been looking for natural and artificial compounds with hepatoprotective effects. The key objective of this manuscript is to provide details on several techniques and models for determining liver toxicity. The data has been collected for the manuscript from various e-sources such as Publons, Pubmed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science. The development of novel pharmaceuticals involve several steps, beginning with identifying the pharmacological effects in cellular and animal models and concluding with demonstrating their safety and efficacy in humans. The scientific literature mentions several in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo experimental paradigms for evaluating hepatoprotective drugs. This review's main objective is to outline the key traits, advantages, and disadvantages of each model, as well as the most commonly used hepatotoxic substances (acetaminophen, t-BuOOH, d-galactosamine, ethanol, thioacetamide), biochemical parameters helpful in assessing liver damage in various models, and the most frequently used hepatotoxic substances overall.