Overview of Nanotechnology Applications in Construction Industry in the United States

Nanotechnology, defined as the science of very small matter called nanomaterial, comprises the study of chemical and physical properties of particles which are structured in sizes ranging from 1 to 100 nanometers. At this size range, nanomaterial exhibits superior chemical and physical characteristics as compared to those displayed while existing in normal size. To date, multiple nanotechnology research centers within the United States are investigating the potential use of different types of nanoparticles as carbon nanotubes (CNT) in the construction industry to attain superior characteristics of building materials, improve their durability and increase the life span of different structures, and minimize the life cycle cost of construction projects. The major impediments to the widespread implementation of nanotechnology include high nanomaterial cost, lack of industrial experience, and absence of standard specifications for building materials incorporating nanoparticles. This research paper presents a review for the advance in nanotechnology applications in the construction industry in the United States, current research and industrial projects regarding nanoparticles incorporation in building materials as cement, attained advantages as concrete high tensile strength, lower permeability, and improved long-term performance. In addition, the challenges impeding further development of nanotechnology in construction research and industry are overviewed. Significant achievements are anticipated for the near future due to the growing attention of the nanotechnology on a state and federal level within the United States.