Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders-Drug Targets (Formerly Current Drug Targets - Immune, Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders) - Online First

Introduction In chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) is linked to cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Levels of PTH are influenced by serum phosphate (P) and calcium (Ca), but little is known about the impact of magnesium (Mg) on PTH. Hence, this study investigated the relationship between PTH and Mg in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients and non-dialysis patients from three hospitals Read More

Background Depression is a common mental illness that has become a major economic burden worldwide. Recently, increasing evidence has highlighted the inflammatory mechanism of depression. In order to understand the research status of this field, this study used the bibliometric analysis method to overview the research content and progress, as well as analyze the development trend and limitations. Methods In t Read More

Background Gaucheromas, pseudotumors composed of Gaucher cells, are rare complications of Gaucher’s Disease (GD). They are usually seen in patients receiving enzyme replacement. Surgery is generally not recommended for these benign masses in treatment management. Most patients treated with Enzyme Replacement Therapy (ERT) show organ enlargement and improvement in laboratory values. In our case, no chang Read More

Background The coexistence of primary glomerulonephritis and autoimmune thyroid disease has not been investigated. Objective This study aimed to assess thyroid morphology using sonography, determine the prevalence of autoimmune thyroid disorders, and evaluate thyroid function status in patients diagnosed with primary glomerulonephritis. Materials and methods This single-center cross-sectional and observational study in Read More

Background Primary pituitary abscess is a rare disease with no specific symptoms for pituitary abscess alone. A preoperative diagnosis is quite challenging due to unclear imaging findings. Case Presentation We report the case of a patient with a pituitary lesion who presented with hypopituitarism, diabetes insipidus, and visual field defect and was misdiagnosed as a possible cystic pituitary adenoma. Endoscopic end Read More

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), which often leads to diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Traditional therapies, including renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors and sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, are effective in slowing CKD progression. However, these approaches are insufficient to comprehensively inhibit mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) overac Read More

SGLT2 inhibitors are a family of drugs that were developed to treat diabetes mellitus. In randomized controlled trials, SGLT2 inhibitors seem to prevent kidney deterioration in patients with nephropathies, both diabetic and non-diabetic. However, in contrast to biochemical/physiological results (proteinuria and serum creatinine levels) that improve in all studies, the clinical results (all-cause mortality, cardiovascular death, Read More

Background Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) plays critical roles in innate immunity and several other pathological responses, including a possible role in the susceptibility to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Understanding the relationship between TLR4 polymorphism and T2DM is necessary to evaluate the role of innate immunity in diabetes. Aim This study was conducted to evaluate the potential association between three TLR Read More

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is a major cause of a worldwide clinical and financial burden. Despite the tremendous efforts for untangling the molecular mechanisms, there is still a need for defining specific therapeutic targets. In this editorial, the author will focus on the role of erythrocyte death and hepatic erythrophagocytosis in MASH. Evidence indicates that erythrolysis prior to erythrophagocyt Read More

Background The significance of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in diabetic complications has been established. However, their role in basal and diabetic states, as well as cognitive dysfunction, requires further investigation. Methods BV-2 microglial cells were exposed to high glucose (50mM) and insulin (2μM) for 48 hours. The levels of interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were asse Read More