Current Women's Health Reviews - Volume 15, Issue 1, 2019

Background: Adnexal masses are a common presenting concern among women of all age groups. While the majority of adnexal masses are benign, the differentiation of a mass and diagnosis of malignancy can present a dilemma. The use of laboratory studies and tumor markers, which can be obtained through minimally invasive means, can aid in the diagnosis of a mass or the decision to refer a patient to a specialist. O Read More

Background: Imaging plays a major role in the detection, diagnosis, and ultimate treatment strategies of adnexal masses. As high as 10% of women in the United States undergo surgical evaluation for a suspected adnexal neoplasm. Objective: To understand the advantages and disadvantages of each imaging modality used in the evaluation of adnexal masses. Results: Ultrasound is frequently the imaging modalit Read More

Surgical exploration of an adnexal mass for the management of pelvic pain or to exclude malignancy is a common gynecologic procedure. While most adnexal masses are benign in nature, all surgeons performing pelvic surgery should understand the surgical recommendations of how to proceed when an ovarian neoplasm is identified. Appropriate pre-operative assessment can help to best identify patients at high-risk of Read More

It is important for the obstetrician-gynecologist to be able to decipher the diagnostic clues of an adnexal mass and manage it appropriately. This becomes even more of a challenge when faced with adnexal masses in the pediatric population. Adnexal masses can be of gynecological (cervical, vaginal, primary peritoneal, uterine/endometrial, ovarian) or of non-gynecological origin. In order to approach adnexal masses in any ag Read More

Background: Adnexal masses in premenopausal women are common reason for referral to OB-GYN. The etiologies vary from non-gynecologic to gynecologic. Once the mass is determined to be gynecologic in its origin, the gynecologist needs to predict if the mass is more likely to be benign or malignant which could lead to a diagnostic dilemma. Objective: This article reviews different histologic type of ovarian tumors, its epide Read More

In the postmenopausal women, adnexal masses can have numerous etiologies. They can range from benign to neoplastic, with origins from a variety of organ systems. The diagnostic work up includes a thorough history, physical exam, as well as potential imaging and laboratory testing. There should be a low threshold for consultations with oncologists when there are cancer concerns. Specifically for gynecologic neoplas Read More

Pelvic masses can pose a diagnostic dilemma with a broad differential to include both gynecological and non-gynecologic etiologies. While the initial instinct may be to search for gynecologic causes for the female patient, non-gynecologic etiologies must be considered as well. The presentation can be similar amongst many different causes of pelvic masses and imaging is generally required for further assessment to determine if Read More

Adnexal masses are commonly found on imaging of patients presenting to the emergency department with pelvic pain. Depending on the clinical context, emergent surgical exploration may be warranted. In this review article, we discuss the most common causes of adnexal masses requiring emergent surgical treatment, to include ectopic pregnancy, ovarian torsion, ruptured hemorrhagic cyst, and tubo-ovarian abscess.

Diagnosis of adnexal masses in pregnancy has been increasing due to the routine use of obstetric ultrasound examinations. The clinical course varies widely based on the symptomatology, gestational age and ultrasound characteristics of the adnexal mass. Most adnexal masses identified in pregnancy are benign and resolve spontaneously. Complications, although relatively rare, can occur and include torsion, rupture and ma Read More

Background: The phenomenon of natural and spontaneous cessation of menstruation in women is termed as menopause. The phase after menopause is called post menopause. Women encounter enormous changes in various physiological factors during and after menopause. Objective: Objectives of this article are to brief the various issues associated with health ailments in postmenopausal Indian women, to a Read More

Background: Low-income racial/ethnic minority women are disproportionately represented in substance use and intimate partner violence (IPV) among those who are at risk for or live with HIV– collectively called the SAVA syndemic. Little is known about how IPV exposure and substance use impact HIV testing uptake among low-income racial/ethnic minority women. Aim: The objective of the current study is to conduct system Read More

Background: Infertility has been considered as a serious public health problem. Nevertheless, it is still very difficult to assess the epidemiology of this individual and public health problem. On the other hand, promotion of access to infertility treatments must be treated as a priority to national and regional policies. Objective: The aim was to evaluate the perception of women concerning the barriers and access to infertility cons Read More