An Overview of Potential Applications for Nanotechnology, Probiotics, and Medicinal Plants in Infertility Problems

Various assisted reproductive technologies (ART) are applied in the infertility treatment. However, considerable attention is addressed to use alternative approaches, such as non-biotechnology, probiotics, and traditional medicinal plants to treat cancerous and non-cancerous cases of infertility. Nanotechnology was remarkably aided in treatment, diagnosis, and drug delivery. The existing data of this technology might demonstrate the enormous potential of nanomaterials and their viability in clinical trials for the study of reproductive issues. In order to understand the function of the microbiome in infertility and the many good effects of probiotics in illnesses such as colon cancer, obesity, diabetes, and inflammatory bowel disease, research on infertility must be conducted. Healthy reproductive systems are important for successful fertility in males and females, and using probiotics can help reduce the associated complications. Besides, in vivo models are required to determine the probiotics proper administration, identify the functional species, effective doses, administration forms, and the effects of their combination with conventional antibiotics. In addition, medicinal herbs should be explored, notably in the treatment of male infertility and the improvement of sperm abnormalities. The antioxidant capacity, anti-inflammatory reactions, increased sperm production, and increased testosterone levels in the blood are all examples of medicinal plant benefits. More study is needed to establish specific findings on which substances are involved and have effective and safe fertility potential. This review presents an overview of potential applications for nanotechnology, probiotics, and medicinal plants in infertility, discussing the advantages, their feasibility, and associated concerns, which demand more investigations to set of clinical applications.