A Review of Pharmacotherapeutic Potentials of Black seeds (Nigella sativa) in the Management of Monkeypox Infection

Around 3500 laboratory-confirmed cases of monkeypox infection, from 42 non-endemic countries have been reported to World Health Organization (WHO), during the current multicountry monkeypox outbreak. As of now, patients with monkeypox infection are managed symptomatically with supportive care. Hence, our current review focuses on the analysis of the pharmacotherapeutic potentials of black seeds (N. sativa). The literature was searched in web-based databases including web of science, Medline/PMC/PubMed, Embase, EBSCO, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and reference lists to identify relevant publications. Several clinical, animal, in-vivo, in-vitro, and in-silico studies have confirmed the antiviral efficacy of N. sativa against various viruses. In addition, previous research have demonstrated the analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects of Black seeds (N. sativa), which would help to alleviate the signs, symptoms, and complications associated with monkeypox infection. In consequence, black seeds (N. sativa) could be added as an adjuvant therapy along with repurposed/ investigational antiviral drugs and supportive care in the management of patients with monkeypox infection in early stages to prevent inflammatory conditions and secondary bacterial infections. The safety and efficacy of Black seeds (N. sativa) in the management of monkeypox infection would further be established by future randomized controlled clinical trials.