Phytochemical and Pharmacological Overview of Triticum aestivum: An Update

Triticum aestivum Linn (commonly known as wheatgrass) is a perennial plant that belongs to the family Gramineae having various medicinal and nutritional applications. Generally, Triticum aestivum is utilized in southwest Asia as a curative agent to treat high blood pressure, cancers, obesity, diabetes, gastritis, ulcers, pancreas, liver problems, asthma, eczema, hemorrhoids, skin problems, etc. Numerous phytochemicals are present in this plant, including phenols, flavonoids, vitamins, proteins, minerals, etc. Rutin and gallic acid are the main active constituents isolated from Triticum aestivum and have been proven to possess notable anti-cancer, anti-ulcer, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-arthritic activity. Pharmacological in vivo and in vitro studies revealed that the extract possessed significant antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, antiarthritic, antiulcer, cytotoxicity, and antidiabetic activities. Triticum aestivum has been summarized and discussed in a comprehensive and up-to-date review of its phytochemistry, pharmacology, and traditional uses. This will facilitate further development of its therapeutic properties. To understand the relationship between traditional uses and bioactivity, more in-depth studies are needed in the future.