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- Volume 20, Issue 3, 2024
Current Pediatric Reviews - Volume 20, Issue 3, 2024
Volume 20, Issue 3, 2024
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Why do some Children Get Sick with Recurrent Respiratory Infections?
Respiratory tract infections (RTI) represent a frequent condition, particularly among preschool children, with an important burden on the affected children and their families. It has been estimated that recurrent RTIs affect up to 25% of children during the first 4 years of life. These infections are mainly caused by viruses and are generally self-limiting. Social and environmental factors have been studied in determining the incidenc Read More
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Acute Bronchiolitis: The Less, the Better?
Background: Acute bronchiolitis is a viral infection of the lower respiratory tract affecting infants aged under 12 months, variably presenting with respiratory distress, diffuse crackles and inflammatory wheezing. The main causative agent is Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV). The diagnosis is clinical and treatment mainly supportive. Despite the availability of more than 30 international guidelines, consistent management reco Read More
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Fish Allergy and Related Conditions in Children: A Review
Fish allergy is the important food allergies in childhood, often persisting into adulthood. It can cause severe hypersensitivity reactions, including fatal anaphylaxis; furthermore, avoiding-fish diet has negative nutritional and psychological effects. Recent research studies focus on epitope structures and aim to develop sensitive and specific diagnostic tools, which have a better correlation with clinical reactions. Protocols wit Read More
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Biological Therapies for Pediatric Atopic Dermatitis - A Review
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most frequent chronic-recurrent inflammatory skin disease in the pediatric age. It has a complex and multifactorial pathogenesis: the two key actors are impaired skin barrier function and immune system dysregulation, which represent the main targets of AD therapy. Monoclonal antibodies have revolutionized the management of moderate-to-severe AD, by selective inhibition of key cytokines i Read More
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Hyper IgE Syndromes
Authors: Serena Gracci, Tommaso Novelli, Sofia D'Elios, Roberto Bernardini and Diego PeroniThe Hyper IgE Syndromes are rare primary immunodeficiencies characterized by eczema, recurrent skin and respiratory infections and elevated serum IgE levels. Nowadays a geneticmolecular characterization is possible and allows the distinction in various monogenic pathologies, which share some clinical characteristics but also important differences. In addition to long-known STAT3 and DOCK8 gene mutations, in fact, Read More
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Biological Drugs for the Treatment of Uncontrolled Severe Asthma in Children
The introduction of biological drugs for the treatment of severe allergic asthma in children, almost twenty years ago, had a substantial impact on both the pathology's clinical course and the quality of life of the patients who receive treatment. Over the years, several molecules have been developed that inhibit molecular targets involved in the pathogenesis of the asthmatic disease. Biological drugs demonstrate a significan Read More
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Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis in Clinical Practice
Authors: Maria A. Tosca, Chiara Trincianti, Matteo Naso, Valentina Nosratian and Giorgio CiprandiAllergic rhinitis is a prevalent condition among children, with its occurrence reaching up to 40% of the general population in some geographical areas. A type 2 immunity sustains allergic rhinitis. Consequently, type 2 inflammation leads to eosinophilic infiltrate of the nasal mucosa. Allergic inflammation causes the symptom occurrence. Typical nasal symptoms include nasal itching, sneezing, watery rhinorrhea, and nasal co Read More
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Rectal Bleeding in Infants: Diagnostic Work-up and Management
Lower gastrointestinal bleeding is an alarming symptom in pediatrics, especially in infancy. However, it is commonly secondary to benign and self-limiting conditions, such as anal fissures, infections, and allergies; more rarely it is caused by more serious disorders, such as necrotizing enterocolitis, very early onset inflammatory bowel diseases, and vascular malformations. The present review aims at summarizing the d Read More
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Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease in Children and Adolescents: Mechanisms of a Silent Epidemic and Therapeutic Options
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now identified as a hepatic sign of metabolic syndrome and is the most frequent cause of chronic liver disease in all ages. It is assumed that a genetic predisposition associated with epigenetic factors participates in the evolution of this condition. Visceral obesity and insulin resistance (IR) have always been considered the most important causative factors of Metabolic Syndrome (M Read More
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Infectious Mononucleosis: An Updated Review
Authors: Alexander K.C. Leung, Joseph M. Lam and Benjamin BarankinBackground: Infectious mononucleosis is common among adolescents and young adults. Although the majority of cases resolve spontaneously, life-threatening manifestations, and complications have been recognised. Objective: The purpose of this article is to familiarize clinicians with the clinical manifestations, evaluation, diagnosis, and management of infectious mononucleosis. Methods: A search was conducted in Octob Read More
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Non-traumatic Limping in the Child: A Pediatric Rheumatologist Perspective on Etiology, Clinical Evaluation, Laboratory Diagnosis, and Diagnostic Algorithms using Musculoskeletal Ultrasound (MSUS)
More LessLimping refers to an asymmetrical gait that deviates from the typical gait pattern expected for a child of a certain age. In most children, limping is caused by a mild, self-limiting event, such as a contusion, strain, or sprain. However, a child's limping is always a pathological finding that poses a particular diagnostic challenge and necessitates a thorough assessment. The pediatrician must weigh a wide range of acute and chronic Read More
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Iron Deficiency Anemia: An Updated Review
Authors: Alexander K.C. Leung, Joseph M. Lam, Alex H.C. Wong, Kam L. Hon and Xiuling LiBackground: Worldwide, iron deficiency anemia is the most prevalent nutritional deficiency disorder and the leading cause of anemia in children, especially in developing countries. When present in early childhood, especially if severe and prolonged, iron deficiency anemia can result in neurodevelopmental and cognitive deficits, which may not always be fully reversible even following the correction of iron deficiency ane Read More
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Distinctive Clinico-electrographic and Radiological Profile of Childhood and Adolescent Seizures
Authors: Rashmie Prabha, Rahul Bhakat, Kriti Mohan, Nikhil Rajvanshi, Swathi Chacham and Latika MohanAim: Electroencephalogram (EEG) is specific, but not sensitive, for the diagnosis of epilepsy. This study aimed to correlate the clinico-electrographic and radiological features of seizure disorders in children attending a tertiary care centre in northern India. Methods: Children aged between one to 18 years with seizure episodes were included. Clinical details, including historical as well as physical findings, were evaluated along with Read More
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Seroprevalence of ToRCH Pathogens among Children Admitted to a Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern India for Cataract Surgery and Cochlear Transplantation
Authors: Abhilipsa Patra, Sucheta Parija, Pradipta K. Parida, Sanjay K. Behera and Amit GhoshAims: The study aims to investigate the presence of TORCH infections in a child with bilateral cataracts and deafness and report the ToRCH-serology screening profile (Toxoplasma gondii (TOX), rubella (RV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and herpes simplex virus (HSV-I/II)) in pediatric cataract and deafness. Methods: Cases that had a clear clinical history of congenital cataracts and congenital deafness were included in the study. Th Read More
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Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) in an Infant with COVID-19: A Case Report with Literature Review
Background: SARS-CoV-2 infection tends to be lethal to the elderly population. However, sometimes children are also involved. Case Presentation: We present the case of a female infant with a corrected gestational age of 39 weeks and 4 days with severe COVID-19 pneumonia and co-infection of Klebsiella pneumoniae that was supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Results: We reported the clinical case Read More
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Ovarian Torsion and Oophorectomy in Childhood: A Case Report
Authors: Fatemeh Shabani, Maryam Montazeri, Siamak Shiva and Mojgan MirghafourvandBackground: Ovarian torsion in infants can be asymptomatic or may present with abdominal mass and malnutrition. It is an uncommon and non-specific condition in children. We report a girl who underwent detorsion and ovariopexy for suspected ovarian torsion after a previous oophorectomy. The role of progesterone therapy is determined in reducing the size of adnexal mass. Case Presentation: The patient wa Read More
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Volumes & issues
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Volume 21 (2025)
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Volume 20 (2024)
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Volume 19 (2023)
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Volume 18 (2022)
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Volume 17 (2021)
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Volume 16 (2020)
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Volume 15 (2019)
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Volume 14 (2018)
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Volume 13 (2017)
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Volume 12 (2016)
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Volume 11 (2015)
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Volume 10 (2014)
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Volume 9 (2013)
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Volume 8 (2012)
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Volume 7 (2011)
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Volume 6 (2010)
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Volume 5 (2009)
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Volume 4 (2008)
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Volume 3 (2007)
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Volume 2 (2006)
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Volume 1 (2005)
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