Pharmacogenomics: Importance in Exploration of Target Molecule, Drug Resistance and Mechanism in Cancer Chemotherapy

Background: The field of pharmacogenomics investigates the ways in which genes impact the body's reaction to drugs. Through the integration of genetics and medical knowledge, it is possible to develop individualised and efficient therapies that are based on genetic profiles. Specifically, this evaluation focuses on three aspects: 1) Finding molecular targets and gaining a grasp of their structures is the first step. 2) Using pharmacogenomics to lessen the harmful effects of drugs 1. 3) Predicting pharmacological mechanisms based on genetic variances. Methods: A systematic review examining pharmacogenomics' role in cancer chemotherapy, focusing on target molecules, drug resistance, and mechanism, was conducted using PRISMA-compliant databases. The review included English-published journals from 2000-2023, aiming to reduce bias and ensure all relevant research is found, chosen, and critically assessed. Results: The results show that over the past 20 years, cytotoxic medications and personalized treatments have significantly improved cancer treatment strategies. Targeted drugs, small molecule drugs, and pharmacogenomic biomarkers offer targeted treatment for carcinoma tissues. Conclusion: Understanding genetic profiles and drug resistance is crucial for effective cancer treatment. Combination therapies have advanced treatment for advanced or metastatic cancers.