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- Volume 13, Issue 10, 2007
Current Pharmaceutical Design - Volume 13, Issue 10, 2007
Volume 13, Issue 10, 2007
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Editorial [Hot Topic:Stabilizing the Vulnerable Plaque: The Search for the Magic Bullet (Executive Editors: G. Pasterkamp and M. Daemen)]
Authors: Gerard Pasterkamp and Mat DaemenAtherosclerotic disease remains the number one killer of the aging population in Western Society and numbers of cardiovascular events are strongly increasing in developing countries. Worldwide, about 20 million deaths per year are caused by this inflammatory disease and the costs for health care and loss of productivity are impressive. Despite the advances in treatment of cardiovascular disease, the increasing incidenc Read More
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Activation of the Innate Immune System in Atherosclerotic Disease
Authors: M. M. Oude Nijhuis, J. K. van Keulen, G. Pasterkamp, P. H. Quax and D. P. V. de KleijnInnate immunity is the first line of defence against invading micro-organisms. The family of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognizes pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are carried by the invading micro-organisms. Infectious pathogens have been implicated to play an important role in atherosclerosis. Nowadays, evidence is accumulating that TLRs play an important role in the initiation and progression Read More
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Current Diagnostic Modalities for Vulnerable Plaque Detection
Rupture of vulnerable plaques is the main cause of acute coronary syndrome and myocardial infarction. Identification of vulnerable plaques is therefore essential to enable the development of treatment modalities to stabilize such plaques. Several diagnostic methods are currently tested to detect vulnerable plaques. Angiography has a low discriminatory power to identify the vulnerable plaque, but does provide information a Read More
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Pleiotropic Effects of Statins: Stabilization of the Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Plaque?
Authors: Fatima Akdim, Sander I. van Leuven, John J. P. Kastelein and Erik S. G. StroesAcute coronary syndromes (ACS), i.e. unstable angina and myocardial infarction, are the leading causes of death in developed countries and developing countries alike. Lipid lowering intervention studies have demonstrated a 30% risk reduction in recurrent cardiovascular events and death, despite only modest improvement in angiographic stenosis. This discrepancy suggested that cholesterol lowering by statins may l Read More
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Animal Models to Study Plaque Vulnerability
Authors: K. Schapira, S. Heeneman and M. J. A.P. DaemenThe need to identify and characterize vulnerable atherosclerotic lesions in humans has lead to the development of various animal models of plaque vulnerability. In this review, current concepts of the vulnerable plaque as it leads to an acute coronary event are described, such as plaque rupture, erosion, intraplaque hemorrhage and neovascularization. Recently developed animal models that have attempted to reproduce these c Read More
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Oxidized LDL Antibodies in Treatment and Risk Assessment of Atherosclerosis and Associated Cardiovascular Disease
Immune responses against oxidized forms of LDL play a critical role in activation and regulation of the inflammatory process that characterizes all stages of atherosclerosis. In humans oxidized LDL is targeted by both IgM and IgG autoantibodies. Immunization of hypercholesterolemic animals with oxidized LDL has been shown to inhibit atherosclerosis demonstrating that at least some of these immune responses have a protect Read More
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Apolipoprotein A-I/HDL Infusion Therapy for Plaque Stabilization-Regression: A Novel Therapeutic Approach
By P. K. ShahLDL-lowering therapies, predominantly involving statins, have been shown to significantly reduce cardiovascular events in asymptomatic subjects as well as in subjects with clinically established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. However, despite statin therapy, significant number of cardiovascular events continue to occur indicating the need for additional targets for atherosclerosis management. A number of pre-clin Read More
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Chemokines and Atherosclerotic Plaque Progression: Towards Therapeutic Targeting?
Atherosclerosis is currently viewed as an inflammatory disease in which the initiation and progression of the atherosclerotic plaque towards a rupture prone, unstable plaque is driven by leukocyte recruitment mediated by various inflammatory mediators. Recently, interest in chemotactic cytokines or chemokines with regard to atherosclerosis has been growing as chemokines mediate the influx of leukocytes that is typical Read More
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Restoring the Dysfunctional Endothelium
Authors: Elena Osto, Giuseppe Coppolino, Massimo Volpe and Francesco CosentinoNowdays the endothelium is considered a key determinant of vascular health. NO is the principal mediator of all endothelial protective effects, due to its antinflammatory, antiproliferative, immunomodulatory and vasorelaxant properties. On the contrary, a growing body of evidence suggests that endothelial dysfunction is associated with cardiovascular events. Emerging data suggest that acute coronary syndromes (ACS) may Read More
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Multi-Constituent Cardiovascular Pills (MCCP) - Challenges and Promises of Population-Based Prophylactic Drug Therapy for Prevention of Heart Attack
Authors: Michael J. Jamieson and Morteza NaghaviRisk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) are highly co-prevalent but poorly identified and treated. The Screening for Heart Attack Prevention and Education (SHAPE) Task Force from the Association for Eradication of Heart Attack (AEHA) has recently proposed a new strategy that recommends screening for sublinical atherosclerosis and implementing aggressive treatment of “vulnerable patients”. The Read More
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Volumes & issues
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Volume 31 (2025)
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Volume 30 (2024)
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Volume 29 (2023)
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Volume 28 (2022)
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Volume 27 (2021)
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Volume 26 (2020)
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Volume 25 (2019)
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Volume 24 (2018)
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Volume 23 (2017)
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Volume 22 (2016)
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Volume 21 (2015)
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Volume 20 (2014)
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Volume 19 (2013)
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Volume 18 (2012)
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Volume 17 (2011)
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Volume 16 (2010)
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Volume 15 (2009)
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Volume 14 (2008)
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Volume 13 (2007)
- Issue 36
- Issue 35
- Issue 34
- Issue 33
- Issue 32
- Issue 31
- Issue 30
- Issue 29
- Issue 28
- Issue 27
- Issue 26
- Issue 25
- Issue 24
- Issue 23
- Issue 22
- Issue 21
- Issue 20
- Issue 19
- Issue 18
- Issue 17
- Issue 16
- Issue 15
- Issue 14
- Issue 13
- Issue 12
- Issue 11
- Issue 10
- Issue 9
- Issue 8
- Issue 7
- Issue 6
- Issue 5
- Issue 4
- Issue 3
- Issue 2
- Issue 1
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Volume 12 (2006)
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Volume 11 (2005)
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Volume 10 (2004)
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Volume 9 (2003)
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Volume 8 (2002)
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Volume 7 (2001)
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Volume 6 (2000)
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