Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology - Volume 22, Issue 11, 2021

The main obstacle to biopharmaceutical delivery in therapeutic concentration into the brain for treating neurological disorders is the presence of the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB). The physiological process of Receptor-Mediated Transcytosis (RMT) to transport cargo through the brain endothelial cells toward brain parenchyma has prompted researchers to search for non-natural ligands that can be used to transport drugs across t Read More

Background: γ-Poly-Glutamic Acid (γ-PGA) is a naturally occurring homo-polyamide produced by various strains of Bacillus. It is made from repeating units of L-glutamic acid, D-glutamic acid, or both connected through amide linkages between α-amino and γ-carboxylic acid groups. As a biopolymer substance, the attractive properties of γ-PGA are that it is water-soluble, biodegradable, biocompatible, non-toxic, non-immu Read More

Melanogenesis is simply defined as the production of melanin in melanosomes by melanocytes through a complex process. Melanin, a pigment derived from L-tyrosine, comes into two forms, namely eumelanin (brownish to black) and pheomelanin (red to yellow). Melanin synthesis starts via the hydroxylation of L-tyrosine to L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) catalyzed by the enzyme known as Tyrosinase (TYR), which trigg Read More

Background: The general purpose of this review was to briefly describe the Gastro-Retentive Drug Delivery System (GRDDS) and to primarily focus on mechanisms of flotation for gastric retention. Methods: The principle mechanism of Floating Drug Delivery Systems (FDDS) is mainly based on hydro-dynamically controlled low-density system, which gets swollen when comes in contact with the gastric environment and remains b Read More

Nanomedicine is revolutionizing the treatment of cancer and has achieved unprecedented outcomes over the past decades. The accumulation of Nanoparticles (NPs) in different tumors relies mainly on the Enhanced Permeability and Retention (EPR) effect benefiting from the wide fenestrae of the tumor vasculature and the lack of lymphatic drainage. However, the EPR effect is recognized as a heterogeneous phenomenon resu Read More

Stem cell therapy efficiently targets the brain for most neurological disorders like migraine, Parkinsonism, schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s disease, and brain injury. The major obstacles in potential brain targeting are the physiological barriers like blood-brain-barrier and bloodcerebrospinal fluid barrier. The conventional injectable route or direct transplantation of stem cells results in brain injury and is less feasible clinically. The al Read More

Background: Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries. Numerous groups have explored single and multiple biomarker strategies to identify diagnostic prognosticators of ACS, which will improve our ability to identify high-risk individuals. Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP-9) is one potential biomarker, which has been widely studied in ACS. Recent reports have sho Read More

Background: Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a common connective tissue disease, characteristic of chronic and invasive synovitis in single or multiple joints and vasculitis. RA is a heterogeneous disease with unclear pathogenesis. Therefore, exploring the etiology and pathogenesis of the disease is essential for identifying new promising treatment strategies for RA. Accumulated data have implicated the significant role of non-coding Read More

Background and Objective: Emerging studies on the predictive value of Small Nucleolar RNA Host Gene 7 (SNHG7) in human neoplasms give evidence of the association of SNHG7 with the human tumor. However, whether SNHG7 can be utilized as a biomarker for carcinoma is still unknown. Therefore, this meta-analysis is aimed to assess the possibility of SNHG7 serving as a tumor biomarker. Materials and Methods Read More

Background: It has been found that there is a link between hypertension and elevated risk of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Herein, a meta-analysis based on Randomized Clinical Trials (RCTs) was used to assess the effect of antihypertensive drugs on cognition and behavioral symptoms of AD patients. Methods: The three databases, PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Cochrane Library, were searched up to March 2020. The quality Read More

Aim: We seek to provide an understanding of the binding mechanism of Remdesivir, as well as structural and conformational implications on SARS-CoV-2 virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase upon its binding and identify its crucial pharmacophoric moieties. Background: The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had infected over a million people, with 65,000 deaths as of the first quarter of 2020. The current Read More

Background: Although Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A)/ Neuropilin-1(NRP1)/Plexin A1 is one of the important targets in bone metabolism, few studies are performed on this target in the glucocorticoids- induced osteoporosis. Luteolin is a chemical component of Honeysuckle and it has various bioactivities. The effect of Luteolin on the glucocorticoids-induced osteoporosis (primary osteoblasts model) remain unknown. Objective: Read More