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Volume 22, Issue 2
  • ISSN: 1570-1794
  • E-ISSN: 1875-6271

Abstract

Background

Nitroaromatic compounds are important scaffolds used for the synthesis of a variety of compounds, such as explosives, herbicides, dyes, perfumes and pharmaceuticals. Bismuth nitrate pentahydrate is a widely used reagent in organic synthesis; however, its utility as a nitrating agent for anilines is underexplored.

Objective

The aim of this work is to propose and find the proper reaction conditions of an alternative nitrating agent constituted by a mixture of bismuth nitrate / acetic anhydride in DCM with a series of substituted anilines under mild reflux.

Methods

Several anilines having both activating and deactivating substituents in the , and positions were the substrate for the nitration reaction. Experimental conditions were performed in “one-pot” conditions before product purification.

Results

Bi(NO)•5HO demonstrated to be effective and somehow regioselective when it came to the nitration of anilines in the position. Although other products were also identified under these conditions, in most cases, the derivative was the major or even the only product obtained with moderate to high yields in the range of 50% – 96%.

Conclusion

Bi(NO)•5HO is an efficient and safe nitrating agent since the use of concentrated and corrosive acids like sulfuric and nitric is avoided; furthermore, bismuth nitrate is low-priced and no special care nor equipment is required.

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An Alternative Method for the Selective Synthesis of Ortho-nitro Anilines Using Bismuth Nitrate Pentahydrate
Curr. Org. Synth. 22, 234 (2025); https://doi.org/10.2174/0115701794273947231206111750
/content/journals/cos/10.2174/0115701794273947231206111750
/content/journals/cos/10.2174/0115701794273947231206111750
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  • Article Type:     Research Article
Keyword(s): aromatic compound; Bismuth (III) nitrate pentahydrate; nitration; regioselectivity; SNAr; substituted aniline

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