Current Neurovascular Research - Volume 6, Issue 4, 2009

Oxidative stress is deeply involved in various brain diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, and ischemia/reperfusion injury. Mitochondria are thought to be the target and source of oxidative stress. We investigated the role of mitochondria in oxidative stress-induced necrotic neuronal cell death in a neuroblastoma cell line and a mouse model of middle cerebral artery occlusion. The exogenous admini Read More

Microglia of the central nervous system have a dual role in the ability to influence the survival of neighboring cells. During inflammatory cell activation, microglia can lead to the disposal of toxic cellular products and permit tissue regeneration, but microglia also may lead to cellular destruction with phagocytic removal. For these reasons, it is essential to elucidate not only the underlying pathways that control microgli Read More

In the variant form of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD), ‘florid’ deposits of the protease resistant form of prion protein (PrPsc) were aggregated around the cerebral blood vessels suggesting the possibility that prions may spread into the brain via the cerebral micro circulation. The objective of the present study was to determine whether the pathology was spatially related to blood vessels in cases of sporadic CJD (sCJD), a dis Read More

Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) is a proinflammatory cytokine with neuroprotective and angiogenic properties demonstrated in animal models of cerebral ischemia but its role in human ischemic stroke is still unknown. Thus, our aim is to determine human GM-CSF plasma level in control subjects and stroke patients and its relationship to clinical outcome. Forty-three patients with middle cere Read More

Several kinds of injury models, such as crush, transection and graft repair have been well studied in terms of neuroprotective effect of FK506. However, definitive experimental studies are lacking on focal degeneration or ischemia. In the present study, our goal was to investigate the effect of FK506 on functional recovery of the sciatic nerve after focal ischemia, produced by stripping of the epineurial vessels. A total number Read More

In this study age-, circadian rhythm- and methylphenidate administration- effect on open field habituation and object recognition were analyzed. Young and adult male Wistar rats were treated with saline or methylphenidate 2.0mg/kg for 28 days. Experiments were performed during the light and the dark cycle. Locomotor activity was significantly altered by circadian cycle and methylphenidate treatment during the training se Read More

Oxidative stress-induced cerebral endothelial cell dysfunction is associated with cerebral microvascular complication of primary diabetic encephaolopathy, a neurodegenerative disorder of long-standing diabetes, but the injury mechanisms are poorly understood. This study sought to determine the contribution of carbonyl (methylglyoxal, MG) stress to human brain endothelial cell (IHEC) apoptosis, the relationship to c Read More

Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is a major contributor to dementia in the elderly, and hypertension represents a major cause for developing the disease. However, little is known about its development and progression. Modifications of large cerebral arteries due hypertension are thought to participate to the development of small ischemic infarcts, but the status of the small vessels before the establishment of hypertension is Read More