Skip to content
2000
Volume 32, Issue 10
  • ISSN: 0929-8673
  • E-ISSN: 1875-533X

Abstract

Obesity is the most pervasive metabolic disorder, further linked with many other diseases, including diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disorders, and sleep apnea. To control the increasing weight of obese individuals, experts usually recommend exercise and lifestyle alterations, but medication and surgeries are also advised in severe cases. FDA-approved obesity-controlling drugs are effective but possess certain adverse effects, including dry mouth, drug abuse, dysregulation in monoamine neurotransmitters, insomnia, and many more. Medication processes are expensive; researchers have focused on safer and more effective alternative approaches than pharmaceutical drugs. Historically, a diverse array of herbal plants has been used due to their therapeutic effect, as and experimentations have proved the effectiveness of herbal plants without associated mortality. In this review, we present various herbs with their metabolically active secondary metabolites, including , (Fisch), ., All of these herbs are responsible for anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory effects. Most previously published clinical trials and animal studies have confirmed the significant potential of these herbal plants and their active ingredients to reduce weight by decreasing the accumulated fats in the body have also been discussed in this review. Thus, it is concluded that scientists must consider and utilize these natural treasures for safe, effective, and cost-effective treatment. It will open new and novel ways for treatment regimes.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/cmc/10.2174/0109298673287491240315055726
2024-03-20
2025-03-31
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. WangY.C. McPhersonK. MarshT. GortmakerS.L. BrownM. Health and economic burden of the projected obesity trends in the USA and the UK.Lancet2011378979381582510.1016/S0140‑6736(11)60814‑321872750
    [Google Scholar]
  2. TarantinoG. SinattiG. CitroV. SantiniS. BalsanoC. Sarcopenia, a condition shared by various diseases: Can we alleviate or delay the progression?Intern. Emerg. Med.20231871887189510.1007/s11739‑023‑03339‑z37490203
    [Google Scholar]
  3. ColicchioP. TarantinoG. del GenioF. SorrentinoP. SaldalamacchiaG. FinelliC. ConcaP. ContaldoF. PasanisiF. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in young adult severely obese non-diabetic patients in South Italy.Ann. Nutr. Metab.200549528929510.1159/00008729516088092
    [Google Scholar]
  4. ÅbergF. FärkkiläM. Drinking and obesity: Alcoholic liver disease/nonalcoholic fatty liver disease interactions.Semin Liver Dis.2020402154162
    [Google Scholar]
  5. LefèbvreP. ScheenA. Obesity: Causes and new treatments.Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes2001109Suppl. 2S215S22410.1055/s‑2001‑1858311460572
    [Google Scholar]
  6. ApovianC.M. AronneL.J. BessesenD.H. McDonnellM.E. MuradM.H. PagottoU. RyanD.H. StillC.D. Endocrine Society Pharmacological management of obesity: An endocrine Society clinical practice guideline.J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.2015100234236210.1210/jc.2014‑341525590212
    [Google Scholar]
  7. van der SchoorC. OberholzerH.M. BesterM.J. van RooyM.J. The effect of sibutramine, a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, on platelets and fibrin networks of male Sprague-Dawley rats: A descriptive study.Ultrastruct. Pathol.201438639940510.3109/01913123.2014.94663525191960
    [Google Scholar]
  8. IkramuddinS. KornerJ. LeeW.J. BantleJ.P. ThomasA.J. ConnettJ.E. LeslieD.B. InabnetW.B.III WangQ. JefferyR.W. ChongK. ChuangL.M. JensenM.D. VellaA. AhmedL. BelaniK. OlofsonA.E. BainbridgeH.A. BillingtonC.J. Durability of addition of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass to lifestyle intervention and medical management in achieving primary treatment goals for uncontrolled type 2 diabetes in mild to moderate obesity: A randomized control trial.Diabetes Care20163991510151810.2337/dc15‑248127311493
    [Google Scholar]
  9. ParkJ.Y. KimY.J. Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in obese Korean patients: Efficacy and potential adverse events.Surg. Today201646334835510.1007/s00595‑015‑1170‑y25913478
    [Google Scholar]
  10. RuckerD. PadwalR. LiS.K. CurioniC. LauD.C.W. Long term pharmacotherapy for obesity and overweight: Updated meta-analysis.BMJ200733576311194119910.1136/bmj.39385.413113.2518006966
    [Google Scholar]
  11. TarantinoG. BalsanoC. SantiniS.J. BrienzaG. ClementeI. CosiminiB. SinattiG. It is high time physicians thought of natural products for alleviating NAFLD. Is there sufficient evidence to use them?Int. J. Mol. Sci.202122241342410.3390/ijms22241342434948230
    [Google Scholar]
  12. PayabM. Hasani-RanjbarS. AletahaA. GhasemiN. QorbaniM. AtlasiR. AbdollahiM. LarijaniB. Efficacy, safety, and mechanisms of herbal medicines used in the treatment of obesity.Medicine2018971e882510.1097/MD.000000000000882529505506
    [Google Scholar]
  13. HuY. DaviesG.E. Berberine inhibits adipogenesis in high-fat diet-induced obesity mice.Fitoterapia201081535836610.1016/j.fitote.2009.10.01019861153
    [Google Scholar]
  14. WangJ. KeW. BaoR. HuX. ChenF. Beneficial effects of ginger Zingiber officinale Roscoe on obesity and metabolic syndrome: A review.Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.201713981839810.1111/nyas.1337528505392
    [Google Scholar]
  15. LandsbergL. AronneL.J. BeilinL.J. BurkeV. IgelL.I. Lloyd-JonesD. SowersJ. Obesity-related hypertension: Pathogenesis, cardiovascular risk, and treatment-A position paper of the The Obesity Society and the American Society of Hypertension.Obesity201321182410.1002/oby.2018123401272
    [Google Scholar]
  16. HatwareK.V. SharmaS. PatilK. SheteM. KarriS. GuptaG. Evidence for gastroprotective, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of methanolic extract of Cordia dichotoma leaves on indomethacin and stress induced gastric lesions in Wistar rats.Biomed. Pharmacother.201810331732510.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.00729660650
    [Google Scholar]
  17. KarriS. SharmaS. HatwareK. PatilK. Natural anti-obesity agents and their therapeutic role in management of obesity: A future trend perspective.Biomed. Pharmacother.201911022423810.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.07630481727
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Hasani-RanjbarS. NayebiN. LarijaniB. AbdollahiM. A systematic review of the efficacy and safety of herbal medicines used in the treatment of obesity.World J. Gastroenterol.200915253073308510.3748/wjg.15.307319575486
    [Google Scholar]
  19. BahmaniM. EftekhariZ. SakiK. Fazeli-MoghadamE. JelodariM. Rafieian-KopaeiM. Obesity phytotherapy.J. Evid. Based Complementary Altern. Med.201621322823410.1177/215658721559910526269377
    [Google Scholar]
  20. TaghikhaniA. AfroughH. Ansari-SamaniR. ShahinfardN. Rafieian-KopaeiM. Assessing the toxic effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl on rat’s liver.Bratisl. Med. J.2014115312112410.4149/BLL_2014_02624579678
    [Google Scholar]
  21. LiuY. SunM. YaoH. LiuY. GaoR. Herbal medicine for the treatment of obesity: An overview of scientific evidence from 2007 to 2017.eCAM201718943059
    [Google Scholar]
  22. SunN.N. WuT.Y. ChauC.F. Natural dietary and herbal products in anti-obesity treatment.Molecules20162110135110.3390/molecules2110135127727194
    [Google Scholar]
  23. SongY. DingQ. HaoY. CuiB. DingC. GaoF. Pharmacological effects of shikonin and its potential in skin repair: A review.Molecules20232824795010.3390/molecules2824795038138440
    [Google Scholar]
  24. ImenshahidiM. HosseinzadehH. Berberine and barberry (Berberis vulgaris): A clinical review.Phytother. Res.201933350452310.1002/ptr.625230637820
    [Google Scholar]
  25. XuX. YiH. WuJ. KuangT. ZhangJ. LiQ. DuH. XuT. JiangG. FanG. Therapeutic effect of berberine on metabolic diseases: Both pharmacological data and clinical evidence.Biomed. Pharmacother.202113311098410.1016/j.biopha.2020.11098433186794
    [Google Scholar]
  26. XuJ.H. LiuX.Z. PanW. ZouD.J. Berberine protects against diet-induced obesity through regulating metabolic endotoxemia and gut hormone levels.Mol. Med. Rep.20171552765278710.3892/mmr.2017.632128447763
    [Google Scholar]
  27. RajputC.G. Formulation and Evaluation of Fenugreek powder as Nutraceutical from seeds of Trigonella foenum graecum.Res. J. Pharmacogn. Phytochem.202113788010.52711/0975‑4385.2021.00013
    [Google Scholar]
  28. CommissionC.P. Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China.Chinese Medical Science and Technology20101292
    [Google Scholar]
  29. ChoiJ.S. KimJ.H. AliM.Y. MinB.S. KimG.D. JungH.A. Coptis chinensis alkaloids exert anti-adipogenic activity on 3T3-L1 adipocytes by downregulating C/EBP-α and PPAR-γ.Fitoterapia20149819920810.1016/j.fitote.2014.08.00625128422
    [Google Scholar]
  30. XieW. GuD. LiJ. CuiK. ZhangY. Effects and action mechanisms of berberine and Rhizoma coptidis on gut microbes and obesity in high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6J mice.PLoS One201169e2452010.1371/journal.pone.002452021915347
    [Google Scholar]
  31. NiW.J. DingH.H. TangL.Q. Berberine as a promising anti-diabetic nephropathy drug: An analysis of its effects and mechanisms.Eur. J. Pharmacol.201576010311210.1016/j.ejphar.2015.04.01725912800
    [Google Scholar]
  32. ZhangJ. TangH. DengR. WangN. ZhangY. WangY. LiuY. LiF. WangX. ZhouL. Berberine suppresses adipocyte differentiation via decreasing CREB transcriptional activity.PLoS One2015104e012566710.1371/journal.pone.012566725928058
    [Google Scholar]
  33. ZhangW.L. ZhuL. JiangJ.G. Active ingredients from natural botanicals in the treatment of obesity.Obes. Rev.2014151295796710.1111/obr.1222825417736
    [Google Scholar]
  34. ZhangX. CuiJ-H. MengQ-Q. LiS-S. ZhouW. XiaoS. Advance in anti-tumor mechanisms of shikonin, alkannin and their derivatives.Mini Rev. Med. Chem.201818216417228245783
    [Google Scholar]
  35. SuM. HuangW. ZhuB. Acetylshikonin from Zicao prevents obesity in rats on a high-fat diet by inhibiting lipid accumulation and inducing lipolysis.PLoS One2016111e014688410.1371/journal.pone.014688426771185
    [Google Scholar]
  36. BettaiebA. HoseinE. ChahedS. AbdulazizA. KuceraH.R. GaikwadN.W. HajF.G. Decreased adiposity and enhanced glucose tolerance in shikonin treated mice.Obesity201523112269227710.1002/oby.2126326374090
    [Google Scholar]
  37. GhoshR. GhoshS. MaityL.N. Therapeutic efficacy of Agnimantha (Premna obtusifolia R. Br.) in obesity (Sthaulya).Therapeutic efficacy of Agnimantha (Premna obtusifolia R. Br.) in obesity (Sthaulya) 20098369371
    [Google Scholar]
  38. ChidrawarV.R. PatelK.N. ChitmeH.R. ShiromwarS.S. Pre-clinical evolutionary study of Clerodendrum phlomidis as an anti-obesity agent against high fat diet induced C57BL/6J mice.Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed.201223S1509S151910.1016/S2221‑1691(12)60446‑8
    [Google Scholar]
  39. GoyalM. ChandolaH.M. GoyalR. A clinical study on the role of agnimanthadi compound and vashpa svedana in the management of sthaulya (obesity).Ayu201334439039610.4103/0974‑8520.12772124696576
    [Google Scholar]
  40. ChangX. ChenX. GuoY. GongP. PeiS. WangD. WangP. WangM. ChenF. Advances in chemical composition, extraction techniques, analytical methods, and biological activity of astragali radix.Molecules2022273105810.3390/molecules2703105835164321
    [Google Scholar]
  41. MangalA. SharmaM.C. Evaluation of certain medicinal plants for antiobesity properties.Evaluation of Certain Medicinal Plants for Antiobesity Properties20098602605
    [Google Scholar]
  42. KaiZ. MichelaP. AntonioP. AnnamariaP. Biological active ingredients of traditional Chinese herb Astragalus membranaceus on treatment of diabetes: A systematic review.Mini Rev. Med. Chem.201515431532910.2174/138955751566615022711343125723453
    [Google Scholar]
  43. XuA. WangH. HooR.L.C. SweeneyG. VanhoutteP.M. WangY. WuD. ChuW. QinG. LamK.S.L. Selective elevation of adiponectin production by the natural compounds derived from a medicinal herb alleviates insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in obese mice.Endocrinology2009150262563310.1210/en.2008‑099918927219
    [Google Scholar]
  44. HooR.L.C. WongJ.Y.L. QiaoC.F. XuA. XuH.X. LamK.S.L. The effective fraction isolated from Radix Astragali alleviates glucose intolerance, insulin resistance and hypertriglyceridemia in db/db diabetic mice through its anti-inflammatory activity.Nutr. Metab.2010716710.1186/1743‑7075‑7‑6720735814
    [Google Scholar]
  45. GourR. Boerhaavia diffusa linn plant: A review – One plant with many therapeutic uses.Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Med.202164254110.47760/ijpsm.2021.v06i04.003
    [Google Scholar]
  46. VisavadiyaN.P. NarasimhacharyaA.V.R.L. Hypocholesterolaemic and antioxidant effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra (Linn) in rats.Mol. Nutr. Food Res.200650111080108610.1002/mnfr.20060006317054099
    [Google Scholar]
  47. KaurJ. SinghS. MittalA. ChaudharyA.K. BaghelD.S. A synoptic overview on Boerhavia diffusa for its medicinal importance.Plant Arch.20202012171223
    [Google Scholar]
  48. SinghC. VirmaniT. GuptaJ. VirmaniR. GahlawatD. Antiobesity potential of Boerhaavia diffusa on animal model of obesity.World J. Pharm. Res.2015411961206
    [Google Scholar]
  49. KMV. KhanM. SharmaP. Review on Achyranthes aspera.J. Pharm. Res.20103714717
    [Google Scholar]
  50. VermaR.K. ParaidathathuT. Herbal medicines used in the traditional Indian medicinal system as a therapeutic treatment option for overweight and obesity management: A review.Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci.201464047
    [Google Scholar]
  51. AtheshK. SivasubramanianR. JothiG. BrindhaP. Evaluation of anti-obesity potential of aqueous extract of Achyranthes aspera Linn. in high fat diet induced obese rats.Clin. Phytosci.2020616910.1186/s40816‑020‑00217‑5
    [Google Scholar]
  52. LiH.F. XuF. YangP. LiuG.X. ShangM.Y. WangX. YinJ. CaiS.Q. Systematic screening and characterization of prototype constituents and metabolites of total astragalosides using HPLC-ESI-IT-TOF-MS n after oral administration to rats.J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal.201714210211210.1016/j.jpba.2017.05.00928501748
    [Google Scholar]
  53. Nidhi DadwalA. HallanS.S. SharmaS. MishraN. Development of enteric-coated microspheres of embelin for their beneficial pharmacological potential in ulcerative colitis.Artif. Cells Nanomed. Biotechnol.20174561092110010.1080/21691401.2016.1202258
    [Google Scholar]
  54. BhandariU. KanojiaR. PillaiK.K. Effect of ethanolic extract of Embelia ribes on dyslipidemia in diabetic rats.Int. J. Exp. Diabetes Res.20023315916210.1080/1560428021427812458656
    [Google Scholar]
  55. BhandariU. ChaudhariH.S. BisnoiA.N. KumarV. KhannaG. JavedK. Anti-obesity effect of standardized ethanol extract of Embelia ribes in murine model of high fat diet-induced obesity.PharmaNutrition201312505710.1016/j.phanu.2013.01.001
    [Google Scholar]
  56. MalikZ.A. SharmaP.L. An ethanolic extract from licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) exhibits anti-obesity effects by decreasing dietary fat absorption in a high fat diet-induced obesity rat model.Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res.20112113010
    [Google Scholar]
  57. SitohyM.Z. El-MassryR.A. El-SaadanyS.S. LabibS.M. Metabolic effects of licorice roots (Glycyrrhiza glabra) on lipid distribution pattern, liver and renal functions of albino rats.Nahrung199135879980610.1002/food.199103508031780004
    [Google Scholar]
  58. NakagawaK. KishidaH. AraiN. NishiyamaT. MaeT. Licorice flavonoids suppress abdominal fat accumulation and increase in blood glucose level in obese diabetic KK-A(y) mice.Biol. Pharm. Bull.200427111775177810.1248/bpb.27.177515516721
    [Google Scholar]
  59. MoriN. NakanishiS. ShiomiS. KiyokawaS. KakimotoS. NakagawaK. HosoeK. MinamiK. NadamotoT. Enhancement of fat oxidation by licorice flavonoid oil in healthy humans during light exercise.J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol.201561540641610.3177/jnsv.61.40626639849
    [Google Scholar]
  60. ChuahL.O. HoW.Y. BehB.K. YeapS.K. Updates on antiobesity effect of garcinia origin (−)-HCA. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med.201320131751658
    [Google Scholar]
  61. HaleemaS. SasiP.V. IbnusaudI. PolavarapuP.L. KaganH.B. Enantiomerically pure compounds related to chiral hydroxy acids derived from renewable resources.RSC Advances20122259257928510.1039/c2ra21205f
    [Google Scholar]
  62. HeymsfieldS.B. AllisonD.B. VasselliJ.R. PietrobelliA. GreenfieldD. NunezC. Garcinia cambogia (hydroxycitric acid) as a potential antiobesity agent: A randomized controlled trial.JAMA1998280181596160010.1001/jama.280.18.15969820262
    [Google Scholar]
  63. RadhaM.H. LaxmipriyaN.P. Evaluation of biological properties and clinical effectiveness of Aloe vera: A systematic review.J. Tradit. Complement. Med.201551212610.1016/j.jtcme.2014.10.00626151005
    [Google Scholar]
  64. MoroC.O. BasileG. Obesity and medicinal plants.Fitoterapia200071Suppl. 1S73S8210.1016/S0367‑326X(00)00177‑510930716
    [Google Scholar]
  65. PothurajuR. SharmaR.K. OnteruS.K. SinghS. HussainS.A. Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Aloe vera extract preparations: A review.Phytother. Res.201630220020710.1002/ptr.553226666199
    [Google Scholar]
  66. RahouiW. MerzoukH. El HaciI.A. BettiouiR. AzziR. BenaliM. Beneficial effects of Aloe vera gel on lipid profile, lipase activities and oxidant/antioxidant status in obese rats.J. Funct. Foods20184852553210.1016/j.jff.2018.07.050
    [Google Scholar]
  67. KomalavalliN. RaoM.V. In vitro micropropagation of Gymnema sylvestre–A multipurpose medicinal plant.Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult.20006129710510.1023/A:1006421228598
    [Google Scholar]
  68. PothurajuR. SharmaR.K. ChagalamarriJ. JangraS. Kumar KavadiP. A systematic review of Gymnema sylvestre in obesity and diabetes management.J. Sci. Food Agric.201494583484010.1002/jsfa.645824166097
    [Google Scholar]
  69. ReddyR.M.I. LathaP.B. VijayaT. RaoD.S. The saponin-rich fraction of a Gymnema sylvestre R. Br. aqueous leaf extract reduces cafeteria and high-fat diet-induced obesity.Z. Naturforsch. C J. Biosci.2012671-2394610.1515/znc‑2012‑1‑20622486040
    [Google Scholar]
  70. ParanjpeP. PatkiP. PatwardhanB. Ayurvedic treatment of obesity: A randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.J. Ethnopharmacol.199029111110.1016/0378‑8741(90)90092‑82278549
    [Google Scholar]
  71. KimH.J. HongS.H. ChangS.H. KimS. LeeA.Y. JangY. DavaadamdinO. YuK.N. KimJ.E. ChoM.H. Effects of feeding a diet containing Gymnema sylvestre extract: Attenuating progression of obesity in C57BL/6J mice.Asian Pac. J. Trop. Med.20169543744410.1016/j.apjtm.2016.03.03727261851
    [Google Scholar]
  72. PulipakaS. ChallaS.R. PingiliR.B. Comparative antidiabetic activity of methanolic extract of Operculina turpethum stem and root against healthy and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.Int. Curr. Pharm. J.20121927227810.3329/icpj.v1i9.11618
    [Google Scholar]
  73. SharmaV. SinghM. Therapeutic efficacy of isolated stigma-5, 22 dien-3-ObD-Glucopyranoside and ethanolic root extract of Operculina turpethum against N-Nitrosodimethylamine induced hepatopathy in the liver of mice: Ultrastructural and histological evidences.Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci.20146226230
    [Google Scholar]
  74. ChoudharyN. PrasadS.B. SinghA. KhatikG.L. PrabhuK.S. MishraV. AgarhariU.C. VyasM. SinghG. SutteeA. Phytochemistry and pharmacological potential of Operculina turpethum.Plant Arch.202020683692
    [Google Scholar]
  75. ChoudharyN. KhatikG.L. SharmaR. KhuranaN. LoboR. BhattS. TewariD. SutteeA. Ameliorative potential of Operculina turpethum against streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats: Biochemical and histopathological studies.Biotech.2021116309
    [Google Scholar]
  76. DebL. DuttaA. Comparative toxicological evaluation of two medicinal plants used by folklore practitioners of northeast India for treatment of hypertension.Toxicol. Environ. Chem.201395584685210.1080/13607863.2013.821821
    [Google Scholar]
  77. DebL. LaishramS. KhumukchamN. NingthoukhongjamD. NameirakpamS.S. DeyA. MoirangthemD.S. TalukdarN.C. NingthoukhongjamT.R. Past, present and perspectives of Manipur traditional medicine: A major health care system available for rural population in the North-East India.J. Ethnopharmacol.201516938740010.1016/j.jep.2014.12.07425895884
    [Google Scholar]
  78. OsmanM. FayedS. GhadaI.M. RomeilahR. Protective effects of chitosan, ascorbic acid and Gymnema sylvestre against hypercholesterolemia in male rats.Aust. J. Basic Appl. Sci.201048998
    [Google Scholar]
  79. WangJ.H. LuanF. HeX.D. WangY. LiM.X. Traditional uses and pharmacological properties of Clerodendrum phytochemicals.J. Tradit. Complement. Med.201881243810.1016/j.jtcme.2017.04.00129321986
    [Google Scholar]
  80. BedroodZ. RameshradM. HosseinzadehH. Toxicological effects of Camellia sinensis (green tea): A review.Phytother. Res.20183271163118010.1002/ptr.606329575316
    [Google Scholar]
  81. DullooA.G. DuretC. RohrerD. GirardierL. MensiN. FathiM. ChantreP. VandermanderJ. Efficacy of a green tea extract rich in catechin polyphenols and caffeine in increasing 24-h energy expenditure and fat oxidation in humans.Am. J. Clin. Nutr.19997061040104510.1093/ajcn/70.6.104010584049
    [Google Scholar]
  82. SultaneH.T.A. CambazaE. Update on the evaluation of the anti-obesity effect of green tea (Camellia sinensis).Clin Exp Health Sci2020101162010.33808/clinexphealthsci.523921
    [Google Scholar]
  83. TarantinoG. PezzulloM.G. MinnoM.N.D. MiloneF. PezzulloL.S. MiloneM. CaponeD. Drug-induced liver injury due to “natural products” used for weight loss: A case report.World J. Gastroenterol.200915192414241710.3748/wjg.15.241419452589
    [Google Scholar]
  84. ApostolakosJ.M. CainesL.C. Apparent mineralocorticoid excess syndrome: A case of resistant hypertension from licorice tea consumption.J. Clin. Hypertens.2016181099199310.1111/jch.1284127251761
    [Google Scholar]
  85. WerbaJ.P. MisakaS. GiroliM.G. ShimomuraK. AmatoM. SimonelliN. VigoL. TremoliE. Update of green tea interactions with cardiovascular drugs and putative mechanisms.Yao Wu Shi Pin Fen Xi2018262SS72S7729703388
    [Google Scholar]
  86. EagappanK. PhilipM.G. SangeethaD.C. VivekN. RamalingamS. Effect of green tea on the pharmacodynamics of warfarin.World Heart J.20124135
    [Google Scholar]
  87. FuhrmanB.J. PfeifferR.M. WuA.H. XuX. KeeferL.K. VeenstraT.D. ZieglerR.G. Green tea intake is associated with urinary estrogen profiles in Japanese-American women.Nutr. J.20131212510.1186/1475‑2891‑12‑2523413779
    [Google Scholar]
  88. ChristodoulouE. KadoglouN.P.E. KostomitsopoulosN. ValsamiG. Saffron: A natural product with potential pharmaceutical applications.J. Pharm. Pharmacol.201567121634164910.1111/jphp.1245626272123
    [Google Scholar]
  89. PariL. AmarnathS.M. Antidiabetic effect of Boerhavia diffusa: Effect on serum and tissue lipids in experimental diabetes.J. Med. Food20047447247610.1089/jmf.2004.7.47215671692
    [Google Scholar]
  90. ChoiJ.Y. KimY. RyuR. ChoS.J. KwonE.Y. ChoiM.S. Effect of green tea extract on systemic metabolic homeostasis in diet-induced obese mice determined via RNA-seq transcriptome profiles.Nutrients201681064010.3390/nu810064027754422
    [Google Scholar]
  91. WangJ-H. LuanF. HeX-D. WangY. LiM-X.J.J. Medicine c Traditional uses and pharmacological properties of Clerodendrum.Phytochemicals.20188243810.1016/j.phytochem.2018.01.020
    [Google Scholar]
  92. SharmaV. SinghM. Alterations induced by N-Nitrosodimethylamine and ethanolic root extract of Operculina turpethum in serum lipid profile of male albino mice.Asian J. Pharm. Clin. Res.201256973
    [Google Scholar]
  93. VasquesC.A.R. SchneiderR. Klein-JúniorL.C. FalavignaA. PiazzaI. RossettoS. Hypolipemic effect of Garcinia cambogia in obese women.Phytother. Res.201428688789110.1002/ptr.507624133059
    [Google Scholar]
  94. MalikZ.A. SharmaP.L.J.I.J.P.S. Research. An ethanolic extract from licorice (glycyrrhiza glabra) exhibits anti-obesity effects by decreasing dietary fat absorption in a high fat diet-induced obesity rat model.J. Pharm. Sci. Res.20112113010
    [Google Scholar]
  95. RaniN. SharmaS.K. VasudevaN. Assessment of antiobesity potential of Achyranthes aspera Linn. seed. Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med.20122012715912
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/cmc/10.2174/0109298673287491240315055726
Loading
/content/journals/cmc/10.2174/0109298673287491240315055726
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error
Please enter a valid_number test