Skip to content
2000
  1. Home
  2. A-Z Publications
  3. Cardiovascular & Haematological Disorders - Drug Targets
  4. Volume 24, Issue 4
  5. Article
Volume 24, Issue 4
  • ISSN: 1871-529X
  • E-ISSN: 2212-4063

Abstract

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a type of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) characterized by hepatocyte injury and inflammation, in addition to only the presence of steatosis NAFLD. We review the existing data on available novel therapies for NASH and NAFLD and also discuss several therapies in development. We assessed therapies for NASH by searching the databases of PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science (SCI) from their inception dates until September 15, 2024. Search terms used were: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, liver inflammation and hepatocyte injury.Until very recently, therapeutic lifestyle change was the primary modality of treatment for NASH, including modification of diet and physical activity. The FDA recently approved resmetirom using its expedited approval mechanism for NASH. There are also several pharmacotherapies in development for NASH which aim at weight loss, insulin sensitization and improvement in lipid levels, although some drugs may have multiple effects which are discussed. The availability of resmetirom offers patients with NASH an effective adjunctive therapy in addition to lifestyle changes. Several other novel therapies are also currently being tested and will add to our therapeutic armamentarium.

© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/chddt/10.2174/011871529X345190241113103911
2024-11-19
2025-04-23

  • From This Site

    /content/journals/chddt/10.2174/011871529X345190241113103911
    dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
    -contentType:Contributor -contentType:Concept -contentType:Institution
    10
    5
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. ClarkJ.M. CryerD.R.H. MortonM. ShubrookJ.H. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease from a primary care perspective.Diabetes Obes. Metab.20232561421143310.1111/dom.1501636789676
     [Google Scholar]
  2. YounossiZ. AnsteeQ.M. MariettiM. HardyT. HenryL. EslamM. GeorgeJ. BugianesiE. Global burden of NAFLD and NASH: Trends, predictions, risk factors and prevention.Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol.2018151112010.1038/nrgastro.2017.10928930295
     [Google Scholar]
  3. ChalasaniN. YounossiZ. LavineJ.E. CharltonM. CusiK. RinellaM. HarrisonS.A. BruntE.M. SanyalA.J. The diagnosis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Practice guidance from the American association for the study of liver diseases.Hepatology201867132835710.1002/hep.2936728714183
     [Google Scholar]
  4. LudwigJ. ViggianoT.R. McGillD.B. OhB.J. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: Mayo Clinic experiences with a hitherto unnamed disease.Mayo Clin. Proc.19805574344387382552
     [Google Scholar]
  5. ShekaA.C. AdeyiO. ThompsonJ. HameedB. CrawfordP.A. IkramuddinS. Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis.JAMA2020323121175118310.1001/jama.2020.229832207804
     [Google Scholar]
  6. MatteoniC. YounossiZ. GramlichT. BoparaiN. LiuY. McCulloughA. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A spectrum of clinical and pathological severity☆, ☆☆.Gastroenterology199911661413141910.1016/S0016‑5085(99)70506‑810348825
     [Google Scholar]
  7. WilliamsC.D. StengelJ. AsikeM.I. TorresD.M. ShawJ. ContrerasM. LandtC.L. HarrisonS.A. Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis among a largely middle-aged population utilizing ultrasound and liver biopsy: A prospective study.Gastroenterology2011140112413110.1053/j.gastro.2010.09.03820858492
     [Google Scholar]
  8. KarlasT. PetroffD. SassoM. FanJ.G. MiY.Q. de LédinghenV. KumarM. Lupsor-PlatonM. HanK.H. CardosoA.C. FerraioliG. ChanW.K. WongV.W.S. MyersR.P. ChayamaK. Friedrich-RustM. BeaugrandM. ShenF. HiriartJ.B. SarinS.K. BadeaR. JungK.S. MarcellinP. FiliceC. MahadevaS. WongG.L.H. CrottyP. MasakiK. BojungaJ. BedossaP. KeimV. WiegandJ. Individual patient data meta-analysis of controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) technology for assessing steatosis.J. Hepatol.20176651022103010.1016/j.jhep.2016.12.02228039099
     [Google Scholar]
  9. van der WindtD.J. SudV. ZhangH. TsungA. HuangH. The effects of physical exercise on fatty liver disease.Gene Expr.20181828910110.3727/105221617X1512484426640829212576
     [Google Scholar]
  10. PatelN.S. DoychevaI. PetersonM.R. HookerJ. KisselvaT. SchnablB. SekiE. SirlinC.B. LoombaR. Effect of weight loss on magnetic resonance imaging estimation of liver fat and volume in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol.2015133561568.e110.1016/j.cgh.2014.08.03925218667
     [Google Scholar]
  11. MaresA.C. ChatterjeeS. MukherjeeD. Semaglutide for weight loss and cardiometabolic risk reduction in overweight/obesity.Curr. Opin. Cardiol.202237435035510.1097/HCO.000000000000095535175229
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Vilar-GomezE. Martinez-PerezY. Calzadilla-BertotL. Torres-GonzalezA. Gra-OramasB. Gonzalez-FabianL. FriedmanS.L. DiagoM. Romero-GomezM. Weight loss through lifestyle modification significantly reduces features of nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis.Gastroenterology20151492367378.e510.1053/j.gastro.2015.04.00525865049
     [Google Scholar]
  13. OmokaroS. FDA regulatory considerations for NASH clinical trial endpoints.Food and Drug Administration,Silver Spring, MD2018
     [Google Scholar]
  14. RatziuV. Emerging treatments for patients with nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis.Gastroenterol. Hepatol. (N. Y.)202319423723937705845
     [Google Scholar]
  15. HarrisonS.A. RatziuV. AnsteeQ.M. NoureddinM. SanyalA.J. SchattenbergJ.M. BedossaP. BashirM.R. SchneiderD. TaubR. BansalM. KowdleyK.V. YounossiZ.M. LoombaR. Design of the phase 3 MAESTRO clinical program to evaluate resmetirom for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther.2024591516310.1111/apt.1773437786277
     [Google Scholar]
  16. YounossiZ.M. PaikJ.M. HenryL. YangJ. FernandesG. StepanovaM. NaderF. The growing economic and clinical burden of nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) in the United States.J. Clin. Exp. Hepatol.202313345446710.1016/j.jceh.2022.12.00537250870
     [Google Scholar]
  17. LiJ. ZouB. YeoY.H. FengY. XieX. LeeD.H. FujiiH. WuY. KamL.Y. JiF. LiX. ChienN. WeiM. OgawaE. ZhaoC. WuX. StaveC.D. HenryL. BarnettS. TakahashiH. FurusyoN. EguchiY. HsuY.C. LeeT.Y. RenW. QinC. JunD.W. ToyodaH. WongV.W.S. CheungR. ZhuQ. NguyenM.H. Prevalence, incidence, and outcome of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Asia, 1999–2019: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol.20194538939810.1016/S2468‑1253(19)30039‑130902670
     [Google Scholar]
  18. OngJ.P. ElarinyH. CollantesR. YounoszaiA. ChandhokeV. ReinesH.D. GoodmanZ. YounossiZ.M. Predictors of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and advanced fibrosis in morbidly obese patients.Obes. Surg.200515331031510.1381/096089205357682015826462
     [Google Scholar]
  19. EstesC. RazaviH. LoombaR. YounossiZ. SanyalA.J. Modeling the epidemic of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease demonstrates an exponential increase in burden of disease.Hepatology201867112313310.1002/hep.2946628802062
     [Google Scholar]
  20. TengM.L.P. NgC.H. HuangD.Q. ChanK.E. TanD.J.H. LimW.H. YangJ.D. TanE. MuthiahM.D. Global incidence and prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Clin. Mol. Hepatol.202329Suppl.S32S4210.3350/cmh.2022.036536517002
     [Google Scholar]
  21. NoureddinM. VipaniA. BreseeC. TodoT. KimI.K. AlkhouriN. SetiawanV.W. TranT. AyoubW.S. LuS.C. KleinA.S. SundaramV. NissenN.N. NASH Leading cause of liver transplant in women: Updated analysis of indications for liver transplant and ethnic and gender variances.Am. J. Gastroenterol.2018113111649165910.1038/s41395‑018‑0088‑629880964
     [Google Scholar]
  22. StineJ.G. WentworthB.J. ZimmetA. RinellaM.E. LoombaR. CaldwellS.H. ArgoC.K. Systematic review with meta‐analysis: risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis without cirrhosis compared to other liver diseases.Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther.201848769670310.1111/apt.1493730136293
     [Google Scholar]
  23. MantovaniA. ScorlettiE. MoscaA. AlisiA. ByrneC.D. TargherG. Complications, morbidity and mortality of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Metabolism202011115417010.1016/j.metabol.2020.15417032006558
     [Google Scholar]
  24. YounossiZ.M. GolabiP. PaikJ.M. HenryA. Van DongenC. HenryL. The global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): A systematic review.Hepatology20237741335134710.1097/HEP.000000000000000436626630
     [Google Scholar]
  25. GalieroR. CaturanoA. VetranoE. CesaroA. RinaldiL. SalvatoreT. MarfellaR. SarduC. MoscarellaE. GragnanoF. CalabròP. SassoF.C. Pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical evidence of relationship between Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cardiovascular disease.Rev. Cardiovasc. Med.202122375576810.31083/j.rcm220308234565074
     [Google Scholar]
  26. YounossiZ.M. TampiR. PriyadarshiniM. NaderF. YounossiI.M. RacilaA. Burden of illness and economic model for patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in the United States.Hepatology201969256457210.1002/hep.3025430180285
     [Google Scholar]
  27. ShinD. KongpakpaisarnK. BohraC. Trends in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components in the United States 2007–2014.Int. J. Cardiol.201825921621910.1016/j.ijcard.2018.01.13929472026
     [Google Scholar]
  28. CaddeoA. RomeoS. Precision medicine and nucleotide-based therapeutics to treat MASH.Clin. Mol. Hepatol.202410.3350/cmh.2024.043839103998
     [Google Scholar]
  29. ParlatiL. RégnierM. GuillouH. PosticC. New targets for NAFLD.JHEP Rep. Innov. Hepatol.20213610034610.1016/j.jhepr.2021.10034634667947
     [Google Scholar]
  30. KhaznadarF. KhaznadarO. PetrovicA. HeferM. GjoniF. GjoniS. SteinerJ. SmolicM. BojanicK. MAFLD pandemic: Updates in pharmacotherapeutic approach development.Curr. Issues Mol. Biol.20244676300631410.3390/cimb4607037639057018
     [Google Scholar]
  31. SinhaR.A. BruinstroopE. SinghB.K. YenP.M. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and hypercholesterolemia: Roles of thyroid hormones, metabolites, and agonists.Thyroid20192991173119110.1089/thy.2018.066431389309
     [Google Scholar]
  32. BeningerP. Resmetirom.Clin. Ther.202446651551610.1016/j.clinthera.2024.05.00638880714
     [Google Scholar]
  33. HarrisonS.A. BedossaP. GuyC.D. SchattenbergJ.M. LoombaR. TaubR. LabriolaD. MoussaS.E. NeffG.W. RinellaM.E. AnsteeQ.M. AbdelmalekM.F. YounossiZ. BaumS.J. FrancqueS. CharltonM.R. NewsomeP.N. LanthierN. SchiefkeI. MangiaA. PericàsJ.M. PatilR. SanyalA.J. NoureddinM. BansalM.B. AlkhouriN. CasteraL. RudrarajuM. RatziuV. A phase 3, randomized, controlled trial of resmetirom in nash with liver fibrosis.N. Engl. J. Med.2024390649750910.1056/NEJMoa230900038324483
     [Google Scholar]
  34. KleinerD.E. BruntE.M. Van NattaM. BehlingC. ContosM.J. CummingsO.W. FerrellL.D. LiuY.C. TorbensonM.S. Unalp-AridaA. YehM. McCulloughA.J. SanyalA.J. Design and validation of a histological scoring system for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Hepatology20054161313132110.1002/hep.2070115915461
     [Google Scholar]
  35. MózesF.E. LeeJ.A. SelvarajE.A. JayaswalA.N.A. TraunerM. BoursierJ. FournierC. StauferK. StauberR.E. BugianesiE. YounesR. GaiaS. Lupșor-PlatonM. PettaS. ShimaT. OkanoueT. MahadevaS. ChanW.K. EddowesP.J. HirschfieldG.M. NewsomeP.N. WongV.W.S. de LedinghenV. FanJ. ShenF. CobboldJ.F. SumidaY. OkajimaA. SchattenbergJ.M. LabenzC. KimW. LeeM.S. WiegandJ. KarlasT. YılmazY. AithalG.P. PalaniyappanN. CassinottoC. AggarwalS. GargH. OoiG.J. NakajimaA. YonedaM. ZiolM. BargetN. GeierA. TuthillT. BrosnanM.J. AnsteeQ.M. NeubauerS. HarrisonS.A. BossuytP.M. PavlidesM. InvestigatorsL. Diagnostic accuracy of non-invasive tests for advanced fibrosis in patients with NAFLD: An individual patient data meta-analysis.Gut20227151006101910.1136/gutjnl‑2021‑32424334001645
     [Google Scholar]
  36. SunL. CaiJ. GonzalezF.J. The role of farnesoid X receptor in metabolic diseases, and gastrointestinal and liver cancer.Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol.202118533534710.1038/s41575‑020‑00404‑233568795
     [Google Scholar]
  37. ChenJ. WangR. XiongF. SunH. KemperB. LiW. KemperJ. Hammerhead-type FXR agonists induce an enhancer RNA Fincor that ameliorates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice.eLife202413RP9143810.7554/eLife.91438.338619504
     [Google Scholar]
  38. YounossiZ.M. RatziuV. LoombaR. RinellaM. AnsteeQ.M. GoodmanZ. BedossaP. GeierA. BeckebaumS. NewsomeP.N. SheridanD. SheikhM.Y. TrotterJ. KnappleW. LawitzE. AbdelmalekM.F. KowdleyK.V. Montano-LozaA.J. BoursierJ. MathurinP. BugianesiE. MazzellaG. OlveiraA. Cortez-PintoH. GrauperaI. OrrD. GluudL.L. DufourJ.F. ShapiroD. CampagnaJ. ZaruL. MacConellL. ShringarpureR. HarrisonS. SanyalA.J. AbdelmalekM. AbramsG. AguilarH. AhmedA. AignerE. AithalG. AlaA. AlazawiW. AlbillosA. AllisonM. Al-ShammaS. AndradeR. AndreoneP. AngelicoM. Ankoma-SeyV. AnsteeQ. AntyR. ArayaV. Arenas RuizJ.I. ArkkilaP. AroraM. AsselahT. AuJ. AyonrindeO. BaileyR.J. BalakrishnanM. BambhaK. BansalM. BarrittS. BateJ. BeatoJ. BeckebaumS. BehariJ. BellotP. Ben AriZ. BennettM. BerenguerM. Beretta-PiccoliB.T. BergT. BonaciniM. BonetL. BorgB. BourliereM. BoursierJ. BowmanW. BradleyD. BrankovicM. BraunM. BronowickiJ-P. BrunoS. BugianesiE. CaiC. CalderonA. Calleja PaneroJ.L. CareyE. CarmielM. CarriónJ.A. CaveM. ChagasC. ChamiT. ChangA. CoatesA. CobboldJ. CostentinC. CoreyK. CorlessL. Cortez-PintoH. CrespoJ. Cruz PereiraO. de LedinghenV. deLemosA. DiagoM. DongM. DufourJ-F. DugalicP. DunnW. ElkhashabM. EpsteinM. Escudero-GarciaM.D. EtzionO. EvansL. FalconeR. FernandezC. FerreiraJ. FinkS. FinneganK. Firpi-MorellR. FloreaniA. FontangesT. FordR. ForrestE. FowellA. FracanzaniA.L. FrancqueS. FreilichB. FriasJ. FuchsM. FuentesJ. GalambosM. GallegosJ. GeertsA. GeierA. GeorgeJ. GhaliM. GhalibR. GholamP. GinesP. GitlinN. GluudL.L. GoeserT. GoffJ. GordonS. GordonF. GoriaO. GreerS. GrigorianA. GronbaekH. GuillaumeM. GunaratnamN. Halegoua-De MarzioD. HameedB. HametnerS. HamiltonJ. HarrisonS. HartlebM. HassaneinT. HäussingerD. HellsternP. HerringR. HeurichE. HezodeC. HinrichsenH. Holland FischerP. HorsmansY. HuangJ. HussainiH. JakicheA. JeffersL. JonesB. JorgeR. JorqueraF. JoshiS. KahramanA. KaitaK. KaryotakisN. KayaliZ. KechagiasS. KepczykT. KhaliliM. KhallafiH. KluweJ. KnappleW. KohliA. KorenblatK. KowdleyK. KragA. KrauseR. KremerA. KrokK. KrsticM. KugelmasM. KumarS. KuwadaS. LabarriereD. LaiM. LalemanW. LamperticoP. LawitzE. LeeA. LeroyV. LidofskyS. LimT.H. LimJ. LipkisD. LittleE. LonardoA. LongM. LoombaR. LuketicV.A.C. LurieY. MacedoG. MagalhaesJ. MakaraM. MaliakkalB. MannsM. ManousouP. MantryP. MarchesiniG. MarinhoC. MarottaP. MarschallH-U. MartinezL. MathurinP. MayoM. MazzellaG. McCullenM. McLaughlinW. MerleU. MerrimanR. ModiA. MolinaE. Montano-LozaA. MonteverdeC. Morales CardonaA. MoreeaS. MorenoC. MoriscoF. MubarakA. MuellhauptB. MukherjeeS. MüllerT. NagorniA. NaikJ. NeffG. NevahM. NewsomeP. Nguyen-KhacE. NoureddinM. ObenJ. OlveiraA. OrlentH. OrrD. OrrJ. Ortiz-LasantaG. OzenneV. PandyaP. ParedesA. ParkJ. PatelJ. PatelK. PaulS. PattonH. Peck-RadosavljevicM. PettaS. PiankoS. PiekarskaA. PimstoneN. PisegnaJ. PockrosP. PolS. PoraykoM. PoulosJ. PoundD. PouzarJ. Presa RamosJ. PyrsopoulosN. RafiqN. MullerK. RamjiA. RatziuV. RavinuthalaR. ReddyC. Reddy K GG. Reddy K RK.R. RegensteinF. ReindollarR. ReynoldsJ. RieraA. RinellaM. Rivera AcostaJ. RobaeysG. RobertsS. Rodriguez-PerezF. RomeroS. Romero-GomezM. RubinR. RumiM. RushbrookS. RustC. RyanM. SafadiR. SaidA. SalminenK. SamuelD. SantoroJ. SanyalA. SarkarS. SchaefferC. SchattenbergJ. SchiefkeI. SchiffE. SchmidtW. SchneiderJ. SchoutenJ. SchultzM. SebastianiG. SemelaD. SepeT. SheikhA. SheikhM. SheridanD. ShermanK. ShiboletO. ShiffmanM. SiddiqueA. SieberhagenC. SigalS. SikorskaK. SimonK. SinclairM. SkoienR. SolisJ. SoodS. SouderB. SpiveyJ. StalP. StintonL. StrasserS. SvorcanP. SzaboG. TalalA. TamE. TetriB. ThuluvathP. TobiasH. TomasiewiczK. TorresD. TranA. TraunerM. TrautweinC. TrotterJ. TsochatzisE. UnittE. VargasV. VarkonyiI. VeitsmanE. Vespasiani GentilucciU. VictorD. VierlingJ. VincentC. VinczeA. von der OheM. Von RoennN. VuppalanchiR. WatersM. WattK. WattacherilJ. WeltmanM. WielandA. WienerG. Williams AA. Williams JJ. WilsonJ. YatacoM. YoshidaE. YounesZ. YuanL. ZivonyA. ZoggD. ZollerH. ZoulimF. ZuckermanE. ZuinM. Obeticholic acid for the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: Interim analysis from a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial.Lancet2019394102152184219610.1016/S0140‑6736(19)33041‑731813633
     [Google Scholar]
  39. RatziuV. de GuevaraL. SafadiR. PoordadF. FusterF. Flores-FigueroaJ. ArreseM. FracanzaniA.L. Ben BashatD. LacknerK. GorfineT. KadoshS. OrenR. HalperinM. HayardenyL. LoombaR. FriedmanS. AbdelmalekM. AngelicoF. AngelicoM. ArancibiaJ.P. Bardou-JacquetE. BarreraF. BarishC.F. BaruchY. Ben-AriZ. BergT. BourliereM. BoursierJ. BroideE. CarmielM. DenhamD.S. Di CesareL. DumitrascuD.L. FrancisA. GawriehS. González- HuezoM.S. HillonP. IrachetaA. KayaliZ. KupcinskasL. LauG. SerfatyL. Le CleachA. LoguercioC. MannsM. Martinez SaldivarB.I. MenaE.A. Morales GarzaL.A. NeutelJ.M. NikoleishviliL. NoureddinM. PaisR. ParedesA.H. ParedesM. Peters WatkinsR. PicardiA. PirisiM. JofreG.P. PreotescuL. SaadiT. SamuelD. Sánchez AvilaJ.F. SchiefkeI. ShiboletO. SiddiquiM.S. Torres-MendozaG. TrotterJ.F. TsaiE. VernaE.C. ZuckermanE. ZurD. SanyalA.J. Aramchol in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2b trial.Nat. Med.202127101825183510.1038/s41591‑021‑01495‑334621052
     [Google Scholar]
  40. SaeediP. PetersohnI. SalpeaP. MalandaB. KarurangaS. UnwinN. ColagiuriS. GuariguataL. MotalaA.A. OgurtsovaK. ShawJ.E. BrightD. WilliamsR. CommitteeI.D.F.D.A. Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: Results from the international diabetes federation diabetes atlas, 9th edition.Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract.201915710784310.1016/j.diabres.2019.10784331518657
     [Google Scholar]
  41. SakuraiY. KubotaN. YamauchiT. KadowakiT. Role of insulin resistance in MAFLD.Int. J. Mol. Sci.2021228415610.3390/ijms2208415633923817
     [Google Scholar]
  42. DufourJ.F. AnsteeQ.M. BugianesiE. HarrisonS. LoombaR. ParadisV. TilgH. WongV.W.S. Zelber-sagiS. Current therapies and new developments in NASH.Gut202271102123213410.1136/gutjnl‑2021‑32687435710299
     [Google Scholar]
  43. KonermanM.A. JonesJ.C. HarrisonS.A. Pharmacotherapy for NASH: Current and emerging.J. Hepatol.201868236237510.1016/j.jhep.2017.10.01529122694
     [Google Scholar]
  44. LazarusJ.V. Ivancovsky WajcmanD. MarkH.E. YounossiZ.M. KopkaC.J. CohenN. BansalM.B. BetelM. BrennanP.N. Opportunities and challenges following approval of resmetirom for MASH liver disease.Nat. Med.202410.1038/s41591‑024‑02958‑z38641752
     [Google Scholar]
  45. CiardulloS. MuracaE. VerganiM. InvernizziP. PerseghinG. Advancements in pharmacological treatment of NAFLD/MASLD: A focus on metabolic and liver-targeted interventions.Gastroenterol. Rep. (Oxf.)202312goae02910.1093/gastro/goae02938681750
     [Google Scholar]
  46. EkstedtM. FranzénL.E. MathiesenU.L. ThoreliusL. HolmqvistM. BodemarG. KechagiasS. Long-term follow-up of patients with NAFLD and elevated liver enzymes.Hepatology200644486587310.1002/hep.2132717006923
     [Google Scholar]
  47. VazK. KempW. MajeedA. LubelJ. MaglianoD.J. GlenisterK.M. BourkeL. SimmonsD. RobertsS.K. NAFLD and MAFLD independently increase the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE): A 20-year longitudinal follow-up study from regional Australia.Hepatol. Int.20241841135114310.1007/s12072‑024‑10706‑139008030
     [Google Scholar]
  48. Lara-RomeroC. Romero-GómezM. Treatment options and continuity of care in Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease: A multidisciplinary approach.Eur. Cardiol.202419e0610.15420/ecr.2023.3438983581
     [Google Scholar]
  49. ICER publishes final evidence report on treatments for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis2024Available from: https://icer.org/news-insights/press-releases/icer-publishes-final-evidence-report-on-treatments-for-non-alcoholic-steatohepatitis/
  50. RinellaM.E. LazarusJ.V. RatziuV. FrancqueS.M. SanyalA.J. KanwalF. RomeroD. AbdelmalekM.F. AnsteeQ.M. ArabJ.P. ArreseM. BatallerR. BeuersU. BoursierJ. BugianesiE. ByrneC.D. NarroG.E.C. ChowdhuryA. Cortez-PintoH. CryerD.R. CusiK. El-KassasM. KleinS. EskridgeW. FanJ. GawriehS. GuyC.D. HarrisonS.A. KimS.U. KootB.G. KorenjakM. KowdleyK.V. LacailleF. LoombaR. Mitchell-ThainR. MorganT.R. PowellE.E. RodenM. Romero-GómezM. SilvaM. SinghS.P. SookoianS.C. SpearmanC.W. TiniakosD. ValentiL. VosM.B. WongV.W.S. XanthakosS. YilmazY. YounossiZ. HobbsA. Villota-RivasM. NewsomeP.N. A multisociety Delphi consensus statement on new fatty liver disease nomenclature.Ann. Hepatol.202429110113310.1016/j.aohep.2023.10113337364816
     [Google Scholar]
  51. EslamM. NewsomeP.N. SarinS.K. AnsteeQ.M. TargherG. Romero-GomezM. Zelber-SagiS. Wai-Sun WongV. DufourJ.F. SchattenbergJ.M. KawaguchiT. ArreseM. ValentiL. ShihaG. TiribelliC. Yki-JärvinenH. FanJ.G. GrønbækH. YilmazY. Cortez-PintoH. OliveiraC.P. BedossaP. AdamsL.A. ZhengM.H. FouadY. ChanW.K. Mendez-SanchezN. AhnS.H. CasteraL. BugianesiE. RatziuV. GeorgeJ. A new definition for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: An international expert consensus statement.J. Hepatol.202073120220910.1016/j.jhep.2020.03.03932278004
     [Google Scholar]
  52. CiardulloS. PizziM. PizziP. OltoliniA. MuracaE. PerseghinG. Prevalence of elevated liver stiffness among potential candidates for bariatric surgery in the United States.Obes. Surg.202232371271910.1007/s11695‑021‑05885‑x34988895
     [Google Scholar]
  53. CiardulloS. MontiT. PerseghinG. High prevalence of advanced liver fibrosis assessed by transient elastography among U.S. adults with type 2 diabetes.Diabetes Care202144251952510.2337/dc20‑177833303638
     [Google Scholar]
  54. MantovaniA. PetraccaG. BeatriceG. TilgH. ByrneC.D. TargherG. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of incident diabetes mellitus: An updated meta-analysis of 501 022 adult individuals.Gut202170596296910.1136/gutjnl‑2020‑32257232938692
     [Google Scholar]
  55. CiardulloS. MontiT. GrassiG. ManciaG. PerseghinG. Blood pressure, glycemic status and advanced liver fibrosis assessed by transient elastography in the general United States population.J. Hypertens.20213981621162710.1097/HJH.000000000000283533657584
     [Google Scholar]
  56. OikonomouD. GeorgiopoulosG. KatsiV. KourekC. TsioufisC. AlexopoulouA. KoutliE. TousoulisD. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hypertension: Coprevalent or correlated?Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol.201830997998510.1097/MEG.000000000000119130048367
     [Google Scholar]
  57. MarchesiniG. BriziM. BianchiG. TomassettiS. BugianesiE. LenziM. McCulloughA.J. NataleS. ForlaniG. MelchiondaN. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A feature of the metabolic syndrome.Diabetes20015081844185010.2337/diabetes.50.8.184411473047
     [Google Scholar]
  58. MarchesiniG. BriziM. Morselli-LabateA.M. BianchiG. BugianesiE. McCulloughA.J. ForlaniG. MelchiondaN. Association of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with insulin resistance.Am. J. Med.1999107545045510.1016/S0002‑9343(99)00271‑510569299
     [Google Scholar]
  59. CusiK. IsaacsS. BarbD. BasuR. CaprioS. GarveyW.T. KashyapS. MechanickJ.I. MouzakiM. NadolskyK. RinellaM.E. VosM.B. YounossiZ. American association of clinical endocrinology clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in primary care and endocrinology clinical settings.Endocr. Pract.202228552856210.1016/j.eprac.2022.03.01035569886
     [Google Scholar]
  60. HarrisonS.A. TaubR. NeffG.W. LucasK.J. LabriolaD. MoussaS.E. AlkhouriN. BashirM.R. Resmetirom for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial.Nat. Med.202329112919292810.1038/s41591‑023‑02603‑137845512
     [Google Scholar]
  61. GilmoreA.B. FabbriA. BaumF. BertscherA. BondyK. ChangH.J. DemaioS. ErzseA. FreudenbergN. FrielS. HofmanK.J. JohnsP. Abdool KarimS. Lacy-NicholsJ. de CarvalhoC.M.P. MartenR. McKeeM. PetticrewM. RobertsonL. TangcharoensathienV. ThowA.M. Defining and conceptualising the commercial determinants of health.Lancet2023401103831194121310.1016/S0140‑6736(23)00013‑236966782
     [Google Scholar]
  62. CannonC.E.B. Towards convergence: How to do transdisciplinary environmental health disparities research.Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health2020177230310.3390/ijerph1707230332235385
     [Google Scholar]
  63. LewisK.H. MooreJ.B. ArdJ.D. Game changers: Do new medications make lifestyle‐based treatment of obesity obsolete?Obesity (Silver Spring)202432223723910.1002/oby.2396238044481
     [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/chddt/10.2174/011871529X345190241113103911
Loading
Novel Therapies for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) and Cardiovascular Risk Reduction
Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 24, 211 (2024); https://doi.org/10.2174/011871529X345190241113103911
/content/journals/chddt/10.2174/011871529X345190241113103911
/content/journals/chddt/10.2174/011871529X345190241113103911
Loading

Data & Media loading...


  • Article Type:     Review Article
Keyword(s): cardiovascular events; dyslipidemia; inflammation; Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis; nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; thyroid hormone receptor beta

Most Cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error
Please enter a valid_number test