Current Diabetes Reviews - Volume 16, Issue 9, 2020

Sodium-Glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) and Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RA) have revolutionised the approach for modern management of type 2 diabetes in view of their outcome altering abilities. An objective component of the primary endpoints used in the Cardiovascular Outcome Trials (CVOT) is cardiovascular (CV) death. However, the reason behind the decrease in CV deaths (compared t Read More

Background: A significant correlation exists between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), where up to 40% of diabetic patients suffer from CKD as a direct result of diabetic complications. The management of diabetes in CKD patients can be challenging due to their need for disease-specific diets, as well as increased risks of complications due to malnutrition, which is why their dietary needs and nutri Read More

Background: The increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus worldwide continues to pose a heavy burden. Though its gastrointestinal impact is appropriately recognized, the lesser known associations may be overlooked. Objective: We aim to review the negative implications of diabetes on the gallbladder and the biliary tract. Methods: A MEDLINE® database search of literature was conducted with emphasis on the previous Read More

Background: Lipid profiles have been used for the purposes of health screening and monitoring of the effects of lipid-lowering medications, especially in patients with diabetes who are prone to hyperlipidemia. Fasting for lipid profiles has been the norm for the past decades. This long-lasting tradition poses a risk of hypoglycemia, especially in patients with diabetes. Objective: Our aim is to review the overlooked occurr Read More

Background and Aim: Research interests in a new phenotype termed as sarcopenic obesity (SO), which refers to a decrease in lean body mass and muscle strength associated with an increase in body fat deposition, have grown. However, neither SO definition nor its impact on health outcomes is clear. In the current paper, we aim to summarize the available literature on the dilemma surrounding the definition of SO, and the pot Read More

Fructose is a ketohexose and sweetest among all the natural sugars. Like other reducing sugars, it reacts readily with the amino- and nucleophilic groups of proteins, nucleic acids and other biomolecules resulting in glycation reactions. The non-enzymatic glycation reactions comprise Schiff base formation, their Amadori rearrangement followed by complex and partly incompletely understood reactions culminating in the for Read More

Background: Diabetic retinopathy is one of the important complications of diabetes. In major cases, diabetic retinopathy is unnoticed until the irreversible damage to eye occurs and leads to blurred vision and, eventually, blindness. Objective: The pathogenesis and diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy are very complex and not fully understood. Currently, well-established laser techniques and medications are available, but t Read More

Diabetes and osteoporosis are two common diseases with different complications. Despite different therapeutic strategies, managing these diseases and reducing their burden have not been satisfactory, especially when they appear one after the other. In this review, we aimed to clarify the similarity, common etiology and possible common adjunctive therapies of these two major diseases and designate the known molec Read More

Background: To explore the tendency of the effects of anxiety and depression that occur in type 2 diabetes patients, especially poor patients who live in the urban areas with poor economic conditions, who do not have health access from the government, and live away from the hospitals. Methods: It is a cross-sectional study which aimed to determine the number of patients who experienced anxiety and depression proble Read More