Current Drug Metabolism - Volume 19, Issue 10, 2018

Background: Drug-induced cholestasis is a risk factor in the progression of drug candidates, and poses a serious health hazard if not detected before going into a human. Intrahepatic accumulation of Bile Acids (BAs) represents a characteristic phenomenon associated with drug-induced cholestasis. Methods: This review will discuss the current knowledge and knowledge gaps regarding drug-induced cholestasis, such as co Read More

Background: Most of the drugs are metabolized in the liver by the action of drug metabolizing enzymes. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), primary drug metabolizing enzymes are severely dysregulated, leading to failure of chemotherapy. Sorafenib is the only standard systemic drug available, but it still presents certain limitations, and much effort is required to understand who is responsive and who is refractory to the drug. Pre Read More

Background: Drug-induced Liver Injury (DILI) is an important cause of acute liver failure cases in the United States, and remains a common cause of withdrawal of drugs in both preclinical and clinical phases. Methods: A structured search of bibliographic databases – Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus and Medline for peer-reviewed articles on models of DILI was performed. The reference lists of relevant studies was p Read More

Background: Cancer is a foremost cause of mortality worldwide. Available treatments are non-specific and cannot cross biological barriers, which have restricted their usages. Furthermore, the side effects of existing treatments have promoted the exploration of nanotechnological approaches to achieve site-specific drug delivery. The diminutive sizes of nanoparticles, and hence, their large surface to volume ratios, means they Read More

Background: Higher animals, especially the human beings have the privilege of employing advanced central nervous system (CNS) as well as the evolved immune system to ward off various onslaughts throughout their life. Alterations in inflammatory and neural regulatory pathways lead to several disorders that are now becoming the cause of concern across the world. Deregulation in bidirectional network, particularly in agi Read More

Background: Blood platelets are crucial for maintaining hemostasis and several events in the woundhealing. However, platelet up-regulation leads to the development and the complications of several cardiovascular diseases. For the effective management of these complications, several synthetic drugs are in clinical practice such as aspirin, warfarin and other drugs. since a long time. But some adverse reactions like aspir Read More

Background: As society has developed and living standards have improved, diabetes has become a severe public health issue. Insulin plays a crucial role in managing hyperglycemia caused by type I diabetes and particular type II diabetes. Many researchers are seeking alternative, more acceptable methods of insulin delivery, such as oral insulin. An oral formulation has become a new goal for insulin delivery in recent yea Read More

Background: Progesterone is a sex steroid hormone. Since it has been discovered, it is widely used in the prevention of spontaneous preterm birth, hormone replacement therapy and other gynecological conditions. Methods: We will review the progesterone preparations based on a comprehensive study of papers and patents from the traditional preparations up through the very recent literatures. Results: This revie Read More

Background: Pasireotide (SOM230) is a multi-receptor ligand somatostatin analogue (SSA) developed as the successor of the first-generation SSAs. Currently, pasireotide is recommended for the treatment of patients with Cushing's disease in whom surgery was unsuccessful, and patients with acromegaly who either remain uncontrolled after surgical therapy or in whom tumor resection is not possible. Methods and Results: Pha Read More

Background: Increasing evidence proves the pivotal role of gut microbiota in mammals' homeostasis. Gut bacterial metabolites may exert local effects on the intestines, and may enter the circulation, affecting the functions of virtually all organs. Here, we review the available evidence on metabolism and biological effects of gut microbiota- derived indoles. Methods: The PUBMED database and Google Scholar were searche Read More