Current Drug Metabolism - Volume 17, Issue 4, 2016

Solid tumors account for approximately 30% of all pediatric cancers. Although chemotherapy has largely contributed to strongly improve patient outcome, multidrug resistance (MDR) remains one of the major mechanisms limiting the overall survival. The enhanced efflux rate of chemotherapeutic drugs from tumor cells through drug transporters is one of the most important mechanisms of MDR. Drug transporte Read More

Background: Acrylamide (AA), a known neurotoxin, has been considered to be a probable human carcinogen. The discovery of AA in many common foods in 2002 has caused worldwide attention and led to numerous research efforts on the metabolism of AA. Methods: By collecting research literatures related to metabolism of AA, the present review not only summarized the major metabolic pathways and enzymes Read More

Background: It is well known that ethanol can cause significant morbidity and mortality, and much of the related toxic effects can be explained by its metabolic profile. Objective: This work performs a complete review of the metabolism of ethanol focusing on both major and minor metabolites. Method: An exhaustive literature search was carried out using textual and structural queries for ethanol and related known metabolizing Read More

Background: Neuropathic pain is an incurable disease which is defined as a chronic pain caused by a disease or lesion of the nervous systems. Current treatments can provide a long-lasting pain relief only in a very limited number of patients with neuropathic pain. MicroRNA can regulate multiple genes and pathways involved in human diseases. This review focuses on: a) Molecular mechanisms of microRNA biogenesis. b) Read More

Objective: Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an endogenous lipid-soluble benzoquinone compound that functions as a diffusible electron carrier in the electron transport chain. It is prevalent in all human tissues and organs, although it is mainly biosynthesised and concentrated in tissues with high energy turnover. The aim of this review was to perform an exhaustive analysis of the influence and effects of CoQ10 supplementation o Read More

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a pandemic metabolic disease characterized by a chronically elevated blood glucose concentration (hyperglycemia) due to insulin dysfunction. Approximately 50% of diabetics show diabetes complications by the time they are diagnosed. Vascular dysfunction, nephropathy and neuropathic pain are common diabetes complications. Chronic hyperglycemia contributes to reactive oxy Read More

Background: Reactive species have been regarded as by-products of cellular metabolism, which cause oxidative damage contributing to aging and neurodegenerative diseases. However, accumulated evidence support the notion that reactive species mediate intracellular and extracellular signals that regulate physiological functions including posttranslational protein modifications. Cysteine thiol groups of proteins are partic Read More

Background: During the development, dosage optimization and safety evaluation of a drug, rapid and precise monitoring of an administered drug and/or its metabolites in biological samples. As drug biotransformation produces more hydrophilic metabolites for the enhancement of drug elimination, it often presents a challenge for traditional reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) separation. Because hydrophilic in Read More

Background: Indoles, including indole-3-carbinol (I3C) and its derivatives, are the products of glucosinolate hydrolysis catalyzed by the enzyme myrosinase. Under acidic conditions, I3C polymerizes into 3, 3- diindolylmethane (DIM), [2-(indol-3-ylmethyl)-indol-3-yl]indol-3-ylmethane (LTr1), 1-(3-hydroxymethyl)- indolyl-3-indolylmethane (HI-IM) and indolo[3,2b]carbazole (ICZ). Recently, I3C and its dimer DIM have shown pleiotr Read More