Approaches Used in Immunotherapy for Prostate Cancer

The approval of sipuleucel-T for the treatment of patients with metastatic asymptomatic and minimally symptomatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) has validated immunotherapy, in general, as a valid approach for this disease. Multiple novel immune based approaches including adenoviral-based vector delivering targeted antigen, DNAbased vaccination, listeria-based vaccination, pox-viral based approach, immune checkpoint blockade and radioimmunoconjugates appear promising. In concert with the development of new immunotherapeutics, the development of optimal intermediate endpoints for clinical efficacy, measures of an optimal immune response and biomarkers predictive for benefit are warranted. We briefly review emerging immunotherapeutic approaches to treat patients with CRPC.