Ductal Carcinoma In Situ: Clinical Trials Update and Resolving Controversies

The diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) has increased dramatically following the widespread adoption of screening mammography. DCIS has a favorable prognosis overall, but is associated with an increased risk of invasive breast cancer (IBC) and occasionally, with poor outcomes. The goal of the multidisciplinary treatment of DCIS is to prevent the development of invasive disease. The identification of patients at elevated risk for progression or recurrence who require more aggressive multimodality therapy and, conversely, those who can safely forgo elements of the current therapeutic armamentarium are important current challenges.