Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Neoplasms

The myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms represent disorders, which at initial presentation, demonstrate overlapping features of myelodysplasia and myeloproliferation. Entities included in this group of neoplasms are chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, atypical chronic myeloid leukemia, juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia, and myelodysplastic/ myeloproliferative neoplasm, unclassifiable (including refractory anemia with ring sideroblasts associated with marked thrombocytosis). This review discusses each of these entities separately, including their characteristic cytomorphological, immunophenotypic, cytogenetic, and molecular features, differential diagnoses, and therapeutic approaches (including targeted therapy).