Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry - Volume 21, Issue 4, 2024

The synthesis of 1-cyanoacetylthiosemicarbazides is at the apex attention of researchers due to their multifaced reactivity as versatile precursors in the synthesis of mono-, bi-, and fused_heterocyclic compounds as well as metal complexes. Despite this, no comprehensive survey was, so far, dedicated to the synthesis, chemical transformation, and bioactivities of this relevant family of synthetic organic precursors and their derivatives. The present survey aims to summarize an up-to-date record of the preparation of 1-cyanoacetylthiosemicarbazides and their chemical transformation. A particular focus is given to their metal complexes and bio-applications

Diynes are identified as exceptionally potent and superior substrates in gold-catalyzed organic transformations. Gold (I) and gold (III) complexes exhibit unique activity towards diynes, encouraging the nucleophilic addition of different functional groups both inter and intra- molecularly. In this review, particularly, we focused on recent advances in gold-catalyzed reactions of 1,5-diynes along with their mechanistic aspects. These reactions are interesting for constructing molecular complexity, medicinal chemistry, and material science.

Meta-aramid is a high-performance polymer based on amide aromatic rings, which has excellent properties because of its amide bonds and rigid aromaticity. Meta-aramid has been widely used in the fields of transportation, energy, communication, high-performance protective clothing, military, and aerospace due to its extraordinary thermal stability, mechanical properties, and chemical structural stability. Compared to aliphatic polyamides, meta-aramid has higher stiffness and glass transition temperature. In addition, meta-aramid has poor solubility, and the interfacial compatibility with other materials needs to be improved. Therefore, meta-aramid is modified by copolymerization and surface grafting for the purpose of intensifying its functions. The purpose of this review is to discuss the methods for modification of meta-aramid and the properties of the modified meta-aramids.

C-H Functionalization of α-carbon of tertiary amines has been of great importance for the past two decades as N-heterocycles can be synthesized by this approach and these heterocycles are highly useful as drugs or drug precursors in the pharmaceutical industry. In this review article, we have summarized only the α-C-H functionalization reactions of tertiary amines that are catalysed or promoted by acids. These C-H functionalization reactions are usually catalysed by transition metal salts, although metal-free catalysts are also used. However, several such reactions have been reported that are efficiently catalysed by acids. They are cost-effective, have a simple purification process, less sensitive to air/moisture, and are relatively environmentally benign. However, this area has not received enough focus due to the lack of review articles, which encouraged us to write this review.

Since its discovery at the beginning of the 20^th century, trifluoroacetic acid, commonly known as TFA, has seen extensive application in organic synthesis both as a solvent and as a catalyst/ reagent. TFA can be used to facilitate a wide variety of chemical transformations, including rearrangements, functional group deprotections, condensations, hydroarylations and trifluoroalkylations, among others. The decennial mini-review examines key TFA synthetic applications from the middle of 2013 to the present, providing the organic chemistry research community with an opportunity to delve deeply into the numerous and varied applications of this strong acid, water-miscible, and low boiling point reagent.

Porphyrin ligands are well-known for their promising tendency to produce metal porphyrin complexes of great significance. Out of different metal porphyrins, manganese porphyrins are one of the most valuable metal porphyrins due to effective catalytic performance and potential in many reactions like C-H isocyanation, the cycloaddition of CO2 with epoxides, epoxidation, oxygen reduction reaction, depolymerization reactions, oxidation of aromatic alcohols, selective oxidation of cycloalkenes/ alkanes, aliphatic C-H chlorination, dehydrogenation of alcohols, dye degradation, BSA nitration and others. Hence, in this review, the authors have best tried to present an effective insight overview of these aforementioned applications with the help of some recent studies for signifying the value of manganese porphyrins as a competent catalyst.

Background: Natural products are secondary metabolites obtained from plants, animals, and microorganisms with diverse chemical structures resulting in diverse biological functions and drug-like properties.Objective: This review article summarizes in detail the occurrence, detection, isolation, various pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity of a natural compound i.e., 5-Allyl-1-methoxy- 2,3-methylenedioxybenzene commonly known as Myristicin.Methods: A relevant literature search was made using the keywords essential oil, mace, myristicin, nutmeg, and pharmacological activities from different databases such as PubMed, Sci Finder, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. The literature search results presented articles from 1963 to 2022. Thereafter, the articles were carefully screened and selected for review.Results: Myristicin, an alkoxy-substituted allylbenzene is present in major to minor amounts in the essential oils obtained from different plant parts and exhibits various pharmacological properties such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, insecticidal, and hepatoprotective. It forms 10 metabolites by reduction, demethylation, hydroxylation, ring formation, ring-opening, and conjugate formation. In the liver, myristicin has been metabolized by Cytochrome P450 complex enzymes to generate active metabolite (1#136; hyroxymyristicin) responsible for cytotoxic, genotoxic and apoptotic effects (150 μM). But, myristicin at 600 μM does not produce enough 1'-hydroxymyristicin to give the final toxicant.Conclusion: Myristicin poses no major risk to human health through the consumption of herbs and spices due to its presence in low amounts. It has great potential to be used in the traditional system of medicine. We hope that this review will provide complete knowledge about myristicin on a single platform.