Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry - Volume 21, Issue 2, 2024

Quinones have established enthusiasm of the researchers because of their enormous applicable properties. Researchers are now concerned about the synthesized and natural anthraquinone based derivatives due to their distinctive properties. Intensive research has been made with special focus on laxative, antiulcerogenic, inhibition of enzymes, cytotoxicity, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, antiarthritic, antirheumatic, antidepressant, fungicidal, insecticidal, antioxidant and antitumor activity of anthraquinone based derivatives. The awareness of environmental protection, safety and health, free of pollution, disease and particularly to maintain green, are the derivatives being considered and acknowledged in medicinal research as well as in pharmaceutical world. Anthraquinone linked with amino derivatives has wide-spectrum therapeutic applications and a center of focus as an important biological scaffold in different fields like medicines, electronic industry, and cosmetics. Owing to the remarkable activities of anthraquinone, we outline the structural data, their sources, synthetic routes and therapeutic potentials.

In this review article, many thieno[2,3-c]quinoline derivatives are shown from many aspects, including different preparation and processing methods, by the use of recent systems and high technology. This review includes many chemical reactions that show the preparation of thieno[2,3- c]quinoline derivatives from aryl-aldehyde, arylamine derivatives, and other chemical reagents. Several synthesized thieno[2,3-c]quinoline derivatives are described in this review article, including: benzothieno[ 2,3-c]quinoline; 1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]quinoline; benzothieno [2,3-c]tetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoline; acetyl-amino-benzothieno[2,3-c]quinolinones; methoxythieno[3',2': 4,5]thieno[2,3-c]quinoline; amino- thieno-thieno[2,3-c]quinoline-methaniminium chloride; thieno [3',2':4,5]thieno[2,3-c]quinolineimidazole; thieno[2,3-c]phenanthroline; naphtho[1,2-f]thieno [3',2':4,5]thieno[2,3- c][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoline; naphtho-tetrazolo[1,5-a]thieno[3',2':4,5] thieno[2,3-c]quinoline; and benzo[4,5]thieno[2,3-c]quinoline-2-carbonitrile.

In medicinal chemistry, Dihydropyrimidinone-based heterocycle scaffolds have attained a prominent place due to their enormous pharmacological and biological activities. The discovery and development of innovative drugs to combat a wide range of diseases exemplify the utility of these compounds. The present study summarizes the variety of methods available to synthesize various dihydropyrimidinone- based heterocycle scaffolds and their beneficial medicinal properties with the available literature until 2022.

Copper complexes have biological applications as well as catalytic importance in performing organic reactions. Besides finding utilities in metalloproteins, enzymes, or molecular magnetism, they have been used extensively as catalysts in the formation ofcarbon–carbon or carbon– heteroatom bonds, in addition to many other reactions. This has been achieved by the rational selection of the organic ligands with suitable coordination sites for attaining ideal geometries. The binding of one such organic ligand, bisbenzimidazole, with copper results in complexes with varied shapes, structures, and activities, enhancing their catalytic potential and hence useful applications. This review describes the catalytic applications of bisbenzimidazole based copper (II)/(I) complexes in various useful organic transformations. It also provides an in-depth knowledge of the mechanistic pathways of the transformations involving copper complexes and their multipurpose utility as catalysts, which may help in the development of improved copper catalysts for the future.

Tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride (TBAF) is an organic compound with the formula C16H36FN. It can exist as anhydrous or hydrated (C16H42FNO3). It is soluble in water and THF and utilized as a base in the preparation of triple monoamine reuptake inhibitors, conjugated dienoic acid esters, and polyacetylenic glucosides. This review aims to summarize the chemistry of TBAF.

Spiro compounds being multi-cyclic systems linked by a single atom, have distinct three dimensionalities, and prominently hold a position of interest in the fields of synthetic and medicinal chemistry, pharmacology, material sciences and physics. Spirobarbiturate compounds which incorporate barbituric ring derivatives into spirocyclic structures have emerged as attractive synthetic targets for drug discovery as they are known to exhibit far-ranging pharmacological applications. In this review, we aim to bring to light the extensive, contemporary research applied to the synthesis of different spirobarbiturates having varied ring sizes (3, 5, 6 and 7 membered) in a classified manner. It presents the reported methods of synthesis along with their mechanistic pathways as well as the pharmacological activities of some of these synthesized biologically significant motifs.