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- Volume 4, Issue 2, 2015
MicroRNA - Volume 4, Issue 2, 2015
Volume 4, Issue 2, 2015
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MicroRNAs and Physical Activity
Authors: Valentina Altana, Marta Geretto and Alessandra PullieroMicro-RNAs (miRNAs) are responsible for important and evolutionary-conserved regulatory functions in several cellular processes such as apoptosis, signalling, differentiation and proliferation. There is a growing interest in understanding more clearly the mechanisms regulating activation and suppression of miRNAs expression in benefit of health prevention advancement. It is now acknowledged that physical acti Read More
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Delayed Cell Cycle Progression in STHdhQ111/HdhQ111 Cells, a Cell Model for Huntington’s Disease Mediated by microRNA-19a, microRNA-146a and microRNA-432
Authors: Eashita Das, Nihar R. Jana and Nitai Pada BhattacharyyaSeveral indirect evidences are available to indicate that abnormalities in cell cycle may contribute to pathogenesis of Huntington’s disease (HD). Here, we show that the cell cycle progression in STsdhQ111/HdhQ111cells, a cell model of HD, is delayed in S and G2-M phases compared to control STHdhQ7/HdhQ7cells. Expression of 17 genes, like PCNA and CHEK1, was increased in STHdhQ111/HdhQ111cells. Increased expressions Read More
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A MicroRNA-BDNF Negative Feedback Signaling Loop in Brain: Implications for Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Joyce Keifer, Zhaoqing Zheng and Ganesh AmbigapathyMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression posttranscriptionally by interfering with translation of their target mRNAs. Typically, miRNAs bind to the 3’ UTRs of mRNAs to induce repression or degradation. Neurotrophins are growth factors in brain required for neuronal survival, synapse formation, and plasticity mechanisms. Neurotrophins are not only regulated by miRNAs, but they in turn regu Read More
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Defects in RNase H2 Stimulate DNA Break Repair by RNA Reverse Transcribed into cDNA
Authors: Havva Keskin and Francesca StoriciEukaryotic ribonucleases (RNase) H1 and H2 are endonucleases that cleave RNA in a double- stranded RNA-DNA molecule. RNase H2 can also cleave a single ribonucleotide embedded in DNA duplex. While the activity of RNase H1 and H2 has been extensively characterized in vitro, still much is unclear about the specific targets of these enzymes in vivo. We recently demonstrated that yeast cells can repair a double-stra Read More
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T-cell Activation Induces Dynamic Changes in miRNA Expression Patterns in CD4 and CD8 T-cell Subsets
T-cell activation affects microRNA (miRNA) expression in T-cell subsets. However, little is known about the kinetics of miRNA regulation and possible differences between CD4 and CD8 T cells. In this study we set out to analyze the kinetics of activation-induced expression regulation of twelve pre-selected miRNAs. The dynamics of the expression of these miRNAs was studied in sorted CD4 and CD8 CD45RO- T cells of healthy indivi Read More
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Human miR-5193 Triggers Gene Silencing in Multiple Genotypes of Hepatitis B Virus
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection can lead to various disease states including asymptomatic, acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which remain a major health problem worldwide. Previous studies demonstrated that microRNA (miRNAs) plays an important role in viral replication. This study aimed to predict and evaluate human miRNAs targeting multiple genotypes of HBV. Candid Read More
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Exosomal MicroRNAs in Tumoral U87 MG Versus Normal Astrocyte Cells
Authors: Helene Ipas, Audrey Guttin and Jean-Paul IssartelBrain glial tumors, and particularly glioblastomas, are tumors with a very poor prognosis. Currently, the parameters that control aggressiveness, migration, or chemoresistance are not well known. In this tumor context, microRNAs are thought to be essential actors of tumorigenesis as they are able to control the expression of numerous genes. microRNAs are not only active in controlling tumor cell pathways, they are also s Read More
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