Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets (Formerly Current Drug Targets - Infectious Disorders) - Volume 20, Issue 5, 2020

The aim of this paper is to establish guidelines for the management of extendedspectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) associated prosthetic joint infections (PJI). This study reviewed 21 patients in the literature documented with ESBL associated PJI. Literature suggests that patients with ESBL PJI are stratified into either early infections (<3 weeks) or late infections (>3 weeks), for which, appropriate laboratory and imaging stud Read More

In interepidemic periods, causative agents of sapronoses typically employ a variety of mechanisms for maintaining the viability in terrestrial parasitic systems, associated with different adaptive strategies and utilized by their populations to survive. Unlike spore-forming bacteria, causative agents of sapronoses form resistant cell forms: viable but nonculturable (VBNC) cells and persistence (dormant) cells. The implementati Read More

Background: Swine species are an important source of meat production worldwide, except in Islamic countries where pig breeding and pork consumption are forbidden. Hence, they are often neglected in these regions. A considerable number of wild boars (Sus scrofa) inhabit Iranian territories, particularly in dense forests of north, west and southwest of the country, but our knowledge regarding their parasites is very Read More

For a number of decades, schistosomiasis has remained a public threat and an economic burden in a number of countries, directly impacting over 200 million people. The past 15 years have seen tremendous progress in the development of high-throughput methods for targeting or compound selection that are vital to early-stage schistosome drug discovery research. Genomewide approaches to analyze gene expression at the Read More

Background: The prevalence of carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii has been increasing worldwide, and therapeutic options are extremely limited. We performed a systematic review to evaluate the phenotypic and genotypic carbapenem resistance in A.baumannii reported in Iran. Methods: We systematically searched Pub Med, Web of Science Direct, and Google scholar databases to identify studies addressing Read More

Background: Recently, herbal medicine has received much attention in the literature. Several essential oils or plant extracts have been found to have anti-Acanthamoeba properties against trophozoites and cysts of Acanthamoeba spp. Objective: The aim of this systematic review is to introduce anti-Acanthamoeba properties of some essential oils or plant extracts; perhaps the results of this research will be used to prev Read More

Background: A high incidence of vitamin-D deficiency and abnormal bone mineral density (BMD) is reported among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infected patients. The study highlighted the effect of oral low dose vitamin-D replacement in patients with a known vitamin- D deficiency on the levels of vitamin-D [25 (OH)D], parathyroid hormone (PTH) and Bone Mineral Density (BMD) of hip and spine. Methods: Patients took Read More

Objectives: Antibiotic resistance, phylogenetic groups and Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns were evaluated in urinary tract infection (UTI) Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolates from outpatients and inpatients. Methods: In this study, antibiotic resistance to E. coli isolated from non-hospitalized and hospitalized patients (153 outpatients and 147 inpatients ) was evaluated in Shiraz County, Iran. Phylogenetic groups an Read More

Background: Planning for control of tuberculosis would need to screen and identify individuals susceptible to TB. Due to the weakness of immune system in diabetic patients, it is more likely for them to reactivate latent TB infection. Regarding the increasing number of diabetics in the community, in this study efforts have been made to estimate the frequency of individuals who have tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus (T Read More

Introduction: In the context of the global threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among bacterial pathogens against conventional bactericidal antibiotics, investigation on complementary/ alternative approaches to manage bacterial infections is warranted. The present study aimed at investigating the anti-pathogenic potential of Phyllanthus emblica seed extract (PESE) against four different pathogenic bacteria. Method Read More

Background: Hepatitis C is an infectious disease that affects primarily the liver; it is caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV). Cirrhosis and liver cancer are the common complications of the disease. So identifying prevalence and certain risk factors of the disease will promote preventive measures for the disease. Aim and Objectives: By conducting this study, we will determine the prevalence of hepatitis C among blood donors who atte Read More

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a global health concern. Viral and host factors orchestrate the natural history of HBV infection, but the impact of host factors that influence the clinical course of the disease remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to identify host factors crucial to the HBV life cycle by conducting a meta-analysis utilizing public microarray datasets. Methods: An integrative meta-analysis of expression d Read More

Background: In medicine, ozone therapy is effectively used in a broad spectrum of diseases. Reviews have shown that ozone gas demonstrates potent antimicrobial effects against a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms, such as oral bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasite even in resistant strains. The present investigation was designed to assess the protoscolicidal effects of ozone gas on hydatid cysts protoscoleces in vitro Read More

Background: Coagulase negative Staphylococci (CoNS) are important. The common antibiotics used for the treatment of the infections caused by CoNS are penicillin, oxacillin, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, erythromycin, gentamicin, and vancomycin. Linezolid is an oxazolidinone group of antibiotic with activity against Gram-positive bacteria. It is used for the treatment of serious infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria resistant Read More

A number of patients of febrile thrombocytopenia increase during monsoon and postmonsoon period. Diseases like dengue fever, malaria, chikungunya fever, etc. are responsible for the clustering of febrile thrombocytopenia cases during this period. The diagnosis of fever with thrombocytopenia cases can be challenging and physicians should be aware of the regional and endemic seasonal cause of this syndro Read More

Objective: HIV protease inhibitors (HIV-PI) are the drugs utilized for the treatment of HIV. However, their effectiveness is limited due to lack of bioavailability and they need to be coadministered with another drug. In this study single lopinavir (LPV) loaded phospholipid vesicles were prepared by the spray-drying method. The LPV-loaded spray-dried powder (L-SDP) was transformed into vesicles and then entrapped in a cream Read More

Introduction: Fascioliasis and dicrocoeliasis are the most frequent zoonotic diseases with increasing human health problems in different parts of Iran. Two species, Fasciola hepatica (F. hepatica) and Fasciola gigantica (F. gigantica), are spread in the country. Molecular approaches have a decisive role in identifying both the species. The aim of this study was to detect Fasciola spp. and Dicrocoelium spp. by amplifying the IT Read More

Background: Needle Stick Injuries (NSIs) are the most common occupational injuries among HCWs. The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence and distribution of determinants for such injuries in a university hospital in Tehran, Iran, in 2016. Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study in Ziaeian Hospital, a teaching hospital of Tehran University. The medical records of 55 Health Care Workers (HCWs Read More

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of exposure to hepatitis A by means of serologic markers in chronic hepatitis B patients, with the secondary aim of finding the best prevention method for hepatitis A infection in susceptible groups of our setting. Methods: During the period between 2016 and 2017, we recruited 403 hepatitis B patients aged more than 14 years and regularly attending the in Read More

Objective: This study aimed to simultaneously measure and assess the correlation between the available HIV infection parameters including HIV antibody, p24 Antigen, CD4 cell count, and viral load at the different stages of HIV disease among HIV-positive individuals in Iran. Materials and Methods: Fifty HIV-positive individuals were classified into three stages (1, 2, and 3) according to the HIV disease stages classification, av Read More