Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders-Drug Targets (Formerly Current Drug Targets - Immune, Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders) - Online First

Objective This study aimed to explore the differential expression of the co-stimulatory molecule CD226 in lymphocytes from patients with New-Onset Graves' Disease (NOGD) and its correlation with clinical indicators. Methods Sixty-eight participants were recruited for the discovery experiment (NOGD: healthy control (HC) = 39:29). Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) were isolated. Flow cytometry was perfo Read More

Background TAP-1 and TAP-2 are crucial proteins for loading antigenic peptides after proteasome-mediated endogenous processing of the MHC-I (Major Histocompatibility Complex-I) pathway. Our study aimed to explore the Transporter Associated with Antigen Processing proteins (TAP-1 and TAP-2) in oral squamous cell carcinoma and premalignant oral lesions. Methods We recruited a total of 135 subjects from the outpatient Read More

Background Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common subtype of non-small cell lung cancer, and myocardial infarction (MI) is an acute cardiovascular disease resulting from the disruption of coronary blood supply. Recent studies have suggested that these two diseases may share common molecular mechanisms. Aim The aim of this study was to discover common diagnostic genes for LUAD and MI and analyze thei Read More

Background Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor (ICPi) therapy has revolutionized cancer treatment but can lead to immune-related adverse events (irAE), including thyroid dysfunction. The impact of ICPi on patients with pre-existing autoimmune thyroid diseases (PATD), particularly the development of Graves' disease, remains poorly understood. Case Description We provide the first complete case of Graves' disease with ICPi therapy in Read More

Background Combination therapy with levothyroxine (L-T4) and slow-release T3 (SRT3) in the treatment of hypothyroidism results in a normal triiodothyronine/thyroxine (T3/T4) ratio above that of L-T4 monotherapy. No clinical study has been reported on SRT3 monotherapy for hypothyroidism. Methods This study was conducted in two parts. In the first part, 20 patients with primary hypothyroidism and serum th Read More

Objectives In the last two decades, scientists have gained a better understanding of several aspects of pituitary development. The signaling pathways that govern pituitary morphology and development have been identified, and the compensatory relationships among them are now known. Aims This paper aims to emphasize the wide variety of relationships between Pituitary Gland and Stem cells in hormone Producti Read More

As Ugandans grapple with an increase in metabolic diseases, researchers are turning to their rich tradition of natural remedies. This review explores promising plants, such as Moringa oleifera, bridging the gap between the wisdom of Ugandan healers and modern science. Although these plants show potential, challenges remain. Many lack rigorous testing, standardized extracts, and long-term safety data. To unlock their tr Read More

Objective This study systematically evaluated the efficacy and safety of Ling Gui Zhu Gan Decoction for treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Methods Registered under CRD42024501460 on the PROSPERO platform, we searched eight major databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang database, Chinese Scientific Journals Database, and Chinese Bio Read More

Background Plasma AST and ALT may reflect the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) severity and have been associated with the risk of MetS in middle- or old-aged individuals. Aims This study aimed to examine the associations of plasma hepatic aspartate and alanine transaminases (AST and ALT) levels with incident metabolic syndrome (MetS) in young adults, which have not been verified before. Objective The goal of this Read More

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is an etiologically diverse metabolic dysfunction that, if untreated, leads to chronic hyperglycemia. Understanding the etiology of T2DM is critical, as it represents one of the most formidable medical challenges of the twenty-first century. Traditionally, insulin resistance has been recognized as the primary risk factor and a well-known consequence of type 2 diabetes. Emerging evidence sugges Read More

Introduction In chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) is linked to cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Levels of PTH are influenced by serum phosphate (P) and calcium (Ca), but little is known about the impact of magnesium (Mg) on PTH. Hence, this study investigated the relationship between PTH and Mg in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients and non-dialysis patients from three hospitals Read More

Background Depression is a common mental illness that has become a major economic burden worldwide. Recently, increasing evidence has highlighted the inflammatory mechanism of depression. In order to understand the research status of this field, this study used the bibliometric analysis method to overview the research content and progress, as well as analyze the development trend and limitations. Methods In t Read More

Background Gaucheromas, pseudotumors composed of Gaucher cells, are rare complications of Gaucher’s Disease (GD). They are usually seen in patients receiving enzyme replacement. Surgery is generally not recommended for these benign masses in treatment management. Most patients treated with Enzyme Replacement Therapy (ERT) show organ enlargement and improvement in laboratory values. In our case, no chang Read More

Background The coexistence of primary glomerulonephritis and autoimmune thyroid disease has not been investigated. Objective This study aimed to assess thyroid morphology using sonography, determine the prevalence of autoimmune thyroid disorders, and evaluate thyroid function status in patients diagnosed with primary glomerulonephritis. Materials and methods This single-center cross-sectional and observational study in Read More

Background Primary pituitary abscess is a rare disease with no specific symptoms for pituitary abscess alone. A preoperative diagnosis is quite challenging due to unclear imaging findings. Case Presentation We report the case of a patient with a pituitary lesion who presented with hypopituitarism, diabetes insipidus, and visual field defect and was misdiagnosed as a possible cystic pituitary adenoma. Endoscopic end Read More

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), which often leads to diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Traditional therapies, including renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors and sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, are effective in slowing CKD progression. However, these approaches are insufficient to comprehensively inhibit mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) overac Read More

SGLT2 inhibitors are a family of drugs that were developed to treat diabetes mellitus. In randomized controlled trials, SGLT2 inhibitors seem to prevent kidney deterioration in patients with nephropathies, both diabetic and non-diabetic. However, in contrast to biochemical/physiological results (proteinuria and serum creatinine levels) that improve in all studies, the clinical results (all-cause mortality, cardiovascular death, Read More

Background Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) plays critical roles in innate immunity and several other pathological responses, including a possible role in the susceptibility to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Understanding the relationship between TLR4 polymorphism and T2DM is necessary to evaluate the role of innate immunity in diabetes. Aim This study was conducted to evaluate the potential association between three TLR Read More

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is a major cause of a worldwide clinical and financial burden. Despite the tremendous efforts for untangling the molecular mechanisms, there is still a need for defining specific therapeutic targets. In this editorial, the author will focus on the role of erythrocyte death and hepatic erythrophagocytosis in MASH. Evidence indicates that erythrolysis prior to erythrophagocyt Read More

Background The significance of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in diabetic complications has been established. However, their role in basal and diabetic states, as well as cognitive dysfunction, requires further investigation. Methods BV-2 microglial cells were exposed to high glucose (50mM) and insulin (2μM) for 48 hours. The levels of interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were asse Read More

Background The ketogenic diet, known for its high-fat, low-carbohydrate composition, has been extensively studied in endocrine and metabolic diseases. This study carried out bibliometric analysis to examine the research trends in this field over the past 20 years, aiming to provide insights for future studies. Methods We searched the Web of Science Core Collection for all relevant papers. VOSviewer was used for network vis Read More

Background Senna leaf is a commonly used medication for treating constipation, and long-term use can cause damage to the intestinal mucosa and lead to drug dependence. But the exact mechanism remains unclear. Objective Using non-targeted metabolomics technology to study the mechanism of senna leaf ethanol extract (EESL) inducing inflammation and oxidative stress in mice and causing side effects. Methods E Read More

Objective Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) constitution type general medical patients and the relationship between the metabolic index. Methods A cohort of 1,029 general individuals who underwent a physical examination at the Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine for identification of their TCM constitution between January 2021 and April 2023 were included in this study. Their data Read More