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image of Abnormal Elevation of the Expression of Costimulatory Molecule CD226 in Graves' Disease: Two Cross-Sectional Studies
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Abstract

Objective

This study aimed to explore the differential expression of the co-stimulatory molecule CD226 in lymphocytes from patients with New-Onset Graves' Disease (NOGD) and its correlation with clinical indicators.

Methods

Sixty-eight participants were recruited for the discovery experiment (NOGD: healthy control (HC) = 39:29). Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) were isolated. Flow cytometry was performed to detect CD226 expression on multiple lymphocyte subtypes. CD226 mRNA expression in PBMCs was detected by qPCR. Fifty-eight participants were recruited for the validation experiment (NOGD: HC=35:23). CD4+ T cells were isolated, and the level of CD226 mRNA in CD4+ T cells was detected. Five cases of each of Graves' disease (GD) thyroid and control thyroid were collected for CD226 immunohistochemical staining.

Results

CD226 expression was the highest in monocytes (NOGD: 94.1% vs. HC: 94.8%) and the lowest in CD8+ T cells (NOGD: 65.3% vs. HC: 64.9%). Compared with HC, CD226 expression on the CD4+ T cells increased in the peripheral blood of NOGD patients and correlated with TPO-Ab. Meanwhile, CD226 mRNA levels were elevated in CD4+ T cells and positively correlated with TR-Ab. CD226 expression was significantly increased in the thyroid tissues of GD patients.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates for the first time the elevated expression of CD226 in CD4+ T cells and thyroid tissue of NOGD. The abnormal elevation of CD226 is correlated with clinical indicators. It suggests that the co-stimulatory molecule CD226 is involved in the pathogenesis of GD.

© 2025 The Author(s). Published by Bentham Science Publishers
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0), a copy of which is available at: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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2025-02-12
2025-05-07

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/content/journals/emiddt/10.2174/0118715303337480250107052116
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Abnormal Elevation of the Expression of Costimulatory Molecule CD226 in Graves' Disease: Two Cross-Sectional Studies
Bentham Science Publishers ; https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715303337480250107052116
/content/journals/emiddt/10.2174/0118715303337480250107052116
/content/journals/emiddt/10.2174/0118715303337480250107052116
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  • Article Type:     Research Article
Keywords: co-stimulatory molecule ; CD4+ ; PBMCs ; CD226 ; thyroid tissue ; autoimmune thyroid disease ; Graves’ disease

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