Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders-Drug Targets (Formerly Current Drug Targets - Immune, Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders) - Volume 21, Issue 2, 2021

Glioma comprises of a group of heterogeneous brain tumors originating from glial cells. Primary glioblastoma is among the most common glial cells that have a characteristic clinical and molecular profile. Advancement in the field of cancer research and inventions of various clinical methodologies could not improve the median survival of this deadly tumor from 12 months. The development of a non-invasive prognos Read More

Pancreatic cancer is one of the low vascular permeable tumors with a high mortality rate. The five-year survival period is ∼5%. The field of drug delivery is at its pace in developing unique drug delivery carriers to treat high mortality rate cancers such as pancreatic cancer. Theranostic nanoparticles are the new novel delivery carriers where the carrier is loaded with both diagnostic and therapeutic agents. The present r Read More

Background: Microbe-host association has emerged as a modulator in modern medicine. Cancer and its associated host microbes are collectively referred to as the cancer microbiome. The cancer microbiome is complex, and many aspects remain unclear including metabolic plasticity, microenvironment remodeling, cellular communications, and unique signatures within the host, all of which have a vital role in homeost Read More

The food industry is constantly shifting focus based on prebiotics as health-promoting substrates rather than just food supplements. A prebiotic is “a selectively fermented ingredient that allows specific changes, both in the composition and/or activity in the gastrointestinal microflora that confers benefits upon host well-being and health.” Prebiotics exert a plethora of health-promoting effects, which has lead to the establishment o Read More

Background: Scientific research continues to develop more efficacious drugs to treat and cure cancer, the dreadful disease threatening the human race. Chemotherapy is an essential means in cancer therapy, however, plant drugs having pharmacological safety, can be used alone or as additions to current chemotherapeutic agents to enhance therapeutic efficacy and minimize chemotherapyinduced adverse effects. Obj Read More

Prostate cancer is a multifactorial disease that mainly occurs due to the accumulation of somatic, genetic, and epigenetic changes, resulting in the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes and activation of oncogenes. Mutations in genes, specifically those that control cell growth and division or the repair of damaged DNA, make the cells grow and divide uncontrollably to form a tumor. The risk of developing prostate cancer depe Read More

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a significant complication of diabetes mellitus characterized by gradually failing heart with detrimental cardiac remodelings, such as fibrosis and diastolic and systolic dysfunction, which is not directly attributable to coronary artery disease. Insulin resistance and resulting hyperglycemia is the main trigger involved in the initiation of diabetic cardiomyopathy. There is a constellation of many pat Read More

Background: Medicine has gone through many schools of thought before arriving in the version we see in our world today. In the beginning, it was based on religion, superstition, and magic plants for therapy. This approach was practiced for many centuries until a period of cultural development arrived. This change occurred in the ancient Greek era, when new theories on nature arose: physiokratia emerged to describe the natur Read More

Several different proteins regulate, directly or indirectly, the production of growth hormones from the pituitary gland, thereby complex genetics is involved. Defects in these genes are related to the deficiency of growth hormones solely, or deficiency of other hormones, secreted from the pituitary gland including growth hormones. These studies can aid clinicians to trace the pattern of the disease between the families, star Read More

Aim: To investigate the effect of smoking and alcohol intake on the association between betel nut chewing and each metabolic abnormality. Background: Betel nut chewing has been associated with metabolic syndrome. Objective: Whether the association is affected by tobacco or alcohol use is not clarified so far. Methods: The authors conducted a cross-sectional study using 6,657 military males, aged 18-50 years in easte Read More

Aims: The aim of the study was to experimentally investigate the antihypertensive effect of Ruta Montana. Background: Ruta montana L. is traditionally used in Moroccan herbal medicine to treat hypertension. This study aimed to experimentally evaluate the hypotensive and vasoactive properties of this plant. Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of the aqueous extract of Ruta Montana on bloo Read More

Background: Although the importance of mast cells in asthma has been studied, mast cellsinduced global changes in lungs are largely unknown. Data-driven identification contributes to discovering significant biomarkers or therapeutic targets, which are the basis of effective clinical medications. Objective: This study aims to explore the effects of mast cells on gene expression in asthmatic lungs, and to assess the cur Read More

Background: Fabry Disease (FD, OMIM#301500) is a progressive, life-threatening, multisystemic, rare lysosomal storage disease. Today, approximately 1000 mutations are recorded in the Human Gene Mutation Database (www.hgmd.org) for GLA. Among the identified mutations, genetic variants of unknown significance (GVUS) and novel mutations cause problems in terms of diagnosis and treatment approach. M Read More

Objective: Fetuin-A serves a dual function; its high levels are associated with metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, obesity, insulin resistance, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and on the other hand, it serves as a potent inhibitor of ectopic vascular calcification. Due to the opposing findings, the aim of the current study was to investigate serum fetuin-A levels in men with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: In the case-c Read More

Background and Objective: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common form of nerve entrapment. Clinically, various signs and symptoms compare due to overexposure to mechanical vibrations transmitted to the wrist bones and cartilage, resulting in compression of the sensory and motor nerve fibers of the median nerve. Early symptoms include nocturnal paresthesia and electromyography reveals reduced sensory Read More

Background: Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) plays a major role in the response of anti-hypercholesterol statin drugs. Genetic polymorphisms in the eNOS gene affect the activity of eNOS thereby modulating the statin response. Objective: This study investigated the influence of major functional eNOS gene polymorphisms (rs2070744, rs1799983, and rs61722009) on the lipid profile of type 2 diabetes Read More

Background: Gastrointestinal symptoms are often the first symptoms of hypopituitarism. However, pseudo-intestinal obstruction is not a common manifestation of hypopituitarism. Some patients presenting with gastrointestinal symptoms as their chief complaint were admitted to the Department of Gastroenterology and were accurately diagnosed with hypopituitarism at the Department of Endocrinology. Case Summa Read More

Background and Objectives: Migraine is an exhausting neuro-inflammatory disorder recognized as recurrent headache attacks. Evidence has shown that Interleukin (IL)-1β plays a substantial role in the neuro-immunity pathogenicity of migraine. n-3 fatty acids and curcumin revealed neuromodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects through several pathways, of which the suppression of IL-1β gene expression is an impo Read More

Background: Our previous findings demonstrated that in vitro supplementation of polyphenols, extracted from seeds of red grape (Nero di Troia cultivar), to peripheral lymphomonocytes from patients affected by allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) to nickel (Ni) could reduce the release of proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide (NO), while increasing the levels of interleukin (IL)-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine. Objecti Read More