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Volume 20, Issue 1
  • ISSN: 2772-4328
  • E-ISSN: 2772-4336
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Abstract

Botulinum toxin injections, a popular aesthetic treatment, have over 7.4 million beneficiaries in the U.S. Despite their safety record, these injections pose potential complications. It is essential for aesthetic practitioners to manage these complications with the least impact on the patient. Upper eyelid ptosis, though rare, is a significant side effect of botulinum toxin injections. Through our study, we have identified the etiology, anatomy, and therapeutic management of botulinum-induced blepharoptosis. Hence, the goal of this study was to identify the basic aetiology of blepharoptosis and manage this complication, as well as discuss the basis of medico-legal implications involving this popular drug. The complex medico-legal implications of botulinum toxin-induced blepharoptosis call for continuous discourse, education, and clarity on drug-use legal standards. With evolving global and Italian legislation, practitioners must ensure they meet care standards, weighing treatment benefits against potential legal and ethical outcomes. Blepharoptosis is a rare but significant complication of botulinum-type injections. Etiology and thorough anatomy are crucial for avoiding this complication and handling it with the least impact on the patient. Medico-legal implications are currently not fully established, but the basis of aesthetic treatment standards, as well as continuing medical education, will ensure correct medico-legal coverage of such complications.

© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers
© 2025 The Author(s). Published by Bentham Science Publisher. This is an open access article published under CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
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2024-08-16
2025-01-08

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/content/journals/crcep/10.2174/0127724328310459240809073519
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Anatomy, Etiology, Management, and Medico-Legal Implications of Botulinum-induced Blepharoptosis
Curr Rev Clin Exper Pharm 20, 32 (2025); https://doi.org/10.2174/0127724328310459240809073519
/content/journals/crcep/10.2174/0127724328310459240809073519
/content/journals/crcep/10.2174/0127724328310459240809073519
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  • Article Type:     Review Article
Keyword(s): anatomy; axillary hyperhidrosis; blepharoptosis; Botulinum; clinical dermatology; medicolegal

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