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image of Effect of Phytochemical Extracts on the Inflammatory Pathway

Abstract

Background

The research highlights the effect of phytochemical compounds on the correlation of cellular pathways of cytokines and antioxidant enzymes at the molecular levels.

Objective

This work examines the effects of phytochemical substances on the expression of () genes present in different amounts in garlic, grape seed, and pomegranate extracts in various amounts. Within the same framework, genes () expressing themselves genetically are responsible for the cellular pathways that carry out oxidative and redox reactions in cells.

Methods

Extracts of grape seeds (1.2% or 2.4%), pomegranates (1.2% or 2.4%), and garlic (0.5% or 1.2%) were applied to human peripheral blood leukocyte cultures. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was utilised to evaluate the expression of genes.

Results

We found that the level transcription of the gene negatively correlates with the level transcription of cytokines when grape seed extract (2.4%) is added to the medium for culturing human blood cells. Furthermore, with the addition of 1.2% and 2.4% grape seed extract, there is a link between the expression of the genes. We found a positive correlation between the expression of the and genes after adding pomegranate extract (1.2%). Finally, following the addition of grape seed extract (1.2%) and garlic extract (1.2%), there is a link observed between the transcription level of the and genes.

Conclusion

The importance of the study lies in revealing the effect of phytochemicals on the intersection of the two pathways: the inflammatory pathway and the oxidative pathway. Whereas, it gives a clearer picture of the mechanism of action of these compounds as antioxidants and anti-inflammatories, depending on the close relationship between inflammatory properties and oxidative properties.

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2025-02-04
2025-05-24

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Effect of Phytochemical Extracts on the Inflammatory Pathway
Bentham Science Publishers ; https://doi.org/10.2174/0118756921342503241227115121
/content/journals/cppm/10.2174/0118756921342503241227115121
/content/journals/cppm/10.2174/0118756921342503241227115121
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  • Article Type:     Review Article
Keywords: grape seed extract ; inflammatory cytokines ; Phytochemical compounds ; garlic extract ; antioxidant enzymes ; pomegranate extract ; transcription factors ; gene expression
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