Current Pharmaceutical Analysis - Volume 16, Issue 5, 2020

Darunavir and Ritonavir are amongst the most useful antiretroviral drugs worldwide for treating AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome). This review discussed and summarized the various analytical techniques used in the qualitative and quantitative analysis of darunavir and ritonavir, protease inhibitors (PIs), which have gained importance as antiretroviral drugs. The importance and use of chromatographic techniques Read More

Chiral separation plays a very important role in the modern pharmaceutical analysis and will continue in upcoming years. Separation and identification of chiral impurities are indispensable. According to ICH guidelines, only the active enantiomer of the drug has to be marketed, so there is a focus on separation of the inactive enantiomer which acts as a chiral impurity. The impurities present in the enantiomers also Read More

Background: Venlafaxine (VEN) is a bicyclic phenylethylamine derivative and possesses a marked structural difference from other antidepressant drugs present in the market. It works by eliciting the neurotransmitter action in CNS. It occurs in two enantiomeric forms i.e. R and S VEN. After the first pass metabolism, it gets metabolized into more active form O-desmethylvenlafaxine (ODV) which also exist in the enantiomeric for Read More

Background and Objective: The present study describes the UPLC-MS/MS method validation for the analysis of ornidazole in solid dispersion. Methods: The proposed UPLC-MS/MS method utilizes BEH Shield RP18 column (2.1 mm 100 mm, 1.7 μm) with a gradient programmed mobile phase composed of water and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min which varies with time program. Ornidazole was detected by UPL Read More

Background: Convolvulus species are extensively used in traditional medicines for the treatment of peptic ulcer diseases primarily associated with the presence of many bioactive compounds, such as coumarins. Methods: A validation and improvement of a rapid, sensitive and simple technique for bioactive compounds analysis of scopolin and scopoletin in Convolvulus pilosellifolius (CP) and Convolvulus austroaegyptiacus (CA) pl Read More

Background: Periplogenin, an active ingredient in Cortex Periplocae, is widely noted for its multiple biological activities; however, the metabolism of this compound has been scarcely investigated. The present report proposed the in vitro metabolic profiling and reaction pathways of periplogenin in rat liver microsomes. Method and Results: The metabolites of periplogenin in rat liver microsomes were analyzed. Two main metabolit Read More

Background: The high resolving and accuracy power of the HRMS instrument enabled us to identify the product ions and to propose detailed fragmentation pathways and diagnostic fragment ions. Methods: In the present work, the fragmentation pathways of five sulfonamides antibiotics, namely sulfamerazine, sulfathiazole, sulfadiazine, sulfadimethoxine and sulfamethoxazole, by High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRM Read More

Background: Phyllanthus urinaria, a traditional herbal medicine, has aroused widespread concern at home and abroad. However, there are few studies on the effects of Phyllanthus urinaria on CYP450. Therefore, this study aims to explore the main chemical compositions of Phyllanthus urinaria and its effect on the activity of CYP450 enzyme in rats. Methods: Acetonitrile and 0.1% Trifluoroacetic Acid (TFA) were used as Read More

Background: Enabling formulations have been implemented by the pharmaceutical industry as an effective tool for keeping Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) in an amorphous state. Upon dosing in the amorphous state, many drugs which fail to demonstrate bioactivity due to the limited solubility and bioavailability of their crystalline form become bioavailable. Purpose: The analytical techniques use today for crystallinity d Read More

Background: Tetralone derivatives, important resources for the development of new drugs which can act in the treatment of central nervous system disorders or participate in synthesis reaction for the synthesis of various pharmaceuticals, have great research value and a bright prospect in exploitation. Methods: A novel chiral HPLC method for efficient enantioseparation of eight tetralone derivative enantiomers was devel Read More

Background: The decoction of Alisma orientale is used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of hyperlipidemia in China with a long clinical history. The present study undertook a detailed investigation to compare the hypolipidemic effect and chemical composition of two extracts of Alisma orientale prepared by boiling water and organic reagent, respectively. Methods: The hyperlipidemic mice were induced by admini Read More

Introduction: Wutou decoction has been wildly applied for the treatment of RA in China for several thousand years. Methods: This study aims to develop a highly sensitive and specific ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry and electrospray ionization (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) method to explore the pharmacokinetic properties of three representative bioactive alkaloids after intragas Read More

Background: A combination of alogliptin and pioglitazone is well tolerated. It does not increase the risk of hypoglycemia. In order to study the bioavailability of aloglipitn in the presence of pioglitazone, it is essential to have a method that can simultaneously detect both in human plasma. A protein precipitation-based method was used to determine alogliptin and pioglitazone simultaneously in human plasma. Protein precipita Read More

Background: Thymol and carvacrol are the most important dietary constituents in thyme species. These two active compounds are used for the standardization of pharmaceutical compounds. Objective: In this work, a simple and reliable ultrasonic assisted dispersive solid phase microextraction method (USA-DSPME) coupled with high performance liquid chromatography-ultra violet detection system was develop Read More

Introduction: Acarbose, an anti-diabetic drug, is commonly used to treat diabetes mellitus type 2. Determinationof acarbose is crucial for routine quality control of acarbose tablets. Materials and Methods: In this report, a rapid, stable and precise method was developed and validated for the quantification of acarbose in tablets by 1H NMR. Two characteristic signals at 5.80 and 2.31 ppm were used to determine acarbose. The Read More

Objective: In this study, it was aimed to prepare an electrochemical sensor capable of assigning Norepinephrine in the presence of an interference such as ascorbic acid. Methods: A sensitive modified sensor was prepared by electrodeposition of p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid (p-ABSA) to the glassy carbon electrode by cyclic voltammetry. The electrooxidation of Norepinephrine was accomplished by cyclic and differential pulse Read More

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the pharmacokinetics of benzoic acid, 4- [[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]carbonyl], methyl ester in rats after intravenous and oral administrations at doses of 3 mL/kg. Methods: A rapid, high selective ultra-high performance liquid chromatographic electrospray quadrupole- time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF/MS) method was applied to investigate the pharmacokinet Read More

Background: Biogenic Amines (BAs) are biologically active nitrogenous organic compounds of low molecular weight, which are frequently found in a wide variety of foods, beverages and herbs due to their toxic potential in humans. Male Silkworm Moth (MSM), a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), has been exploited and utilized as nutritious liquor based on its traditional effects in the Chinese community. Objective: The objective of t Read More

Background: Alendronate sodium is a common clinical osteoporosis drug for postmenopausal women; its determination is very important. However, there is no absorption of chromophores or fluorophores in the molecule, therefore, their direct determination is a challenge. Thus, establishing a common and direct method is very inspiring. Methods: According to the direct determination of alendronate sodium through the formati Read More

Background: Liposomes continue to play an important role in drug delivery research due to their ability to improve transport and targeting of a wide range of active molecules. Analysis of liposomal components is a key point in the characterization and evaluation of formulation stability. The aim of this work was to develop and validate an HPLC-ELSD method for the characterization and quality control of liposomes. Methods: Read More