Current Neurovascular Research - Volume 11, Issue 4, 2014

Vascular cell injury, whether it occurs in the central nervous system or in other locations throughout the body, represents a significant factor for subsequent disability and death in individuals worldwide. In fact, coronary artery disease remains the leading cause of mortality and can be caused by vessel stenosis, atherosclerosis, embolic disease, or thrombosis. Loss of blood flow to critical areas in the vascular system leads to en Read More

Intracranial aneurysms (IAs) are acquired lesions in the brain and can pose potential risk of rupture leading to subarachnoid hemorrhage. Endoglin plays a pivotal role in the vascular development and disease. Variations of endoglin gene have been shown to be risk factors for IAs in different racial population. In the present study, we investigated the correlation between polymorphism in the endoglin gene with IAs in Chinese H Read More

Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) remains a devastating disease, and heavy alcohol consumption is an underlying risk factor. The aim of this study was to study the mechanism of ethanol-induced endothelial cell damage and to evaluate the protective effect of cilostazol against ethanol-induced damage. We first evaluated transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) and cell viability of human brain microvascular endothelial cells Read More

Human umbilical cord blood (hUCB) is a primitive source of stem cells and is being banked worldwide for the purpose of future clinical use. Lineage negative (Lin-ve) stem cells are one of the primitive populations in hUCB which are capable of self-renewal and differentiation into multiple lineages. These cells have not been adequately investigated for their stem cell characteristics. We have analyzed the immunophenotypic expressi Read More

New neurons are continuously being added to the olfactory bulb (OB) of adult rodents that are generated in the subventricular zone (SVZ), distant by a few millimeters. Neuronal precursors have to overcome this long distance without the radial-glial migratory scaffold, in contrast to migration mode during embryonic development. The previous model explains migration of precursors from the SVZ through the rostral migratory Read More

Alterations in brain structure and function are a well-known long-term complication of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Although the mechanism(s) by which T2D lead(s) to cognitive dysfunction and neuronal cells degeneration continue(s) to be a matter of debate, vascular alterations emerged as major players in this scenario. This study was aimed to evaluate the antioxidant defenses and oxidative markers present in brain vessels and s Read More

Background: Meningitis is a complex and severe acute infectious disease of the central nervous system and is caused mainly by bacteria and viruses. However, the distinction between aseptic and bacterial meningitis can be difficult for clinicians because the symptoms and the results of laboratory assays are often similar and overlapping, particularly when the use of antibiotics is administered prior to examining the cereb Read More

We studied cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow dynamics at the cervical level in association with internal jugular vein (IJV) flow for 92 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging was used to quantify flow of the CSF and major vessels (including the IJV and the carotid arteries) at the C2-C3 level in the neck. Contrast enhanced MR angiography and time-of-flight MR venography were used to s Read More

It is known that cognitive processes, such as learning and memory, are affected in depression. Several authors have described histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors as a class of drugs that improve long-term memory formation. The current study examined the effects of maternal deprivation (MD) and chronic mild stress (CMS), which have been shown as animal models of depression, and the effects of sodium butyrate (SB), a Read More

Both of gp91phox (an isoform of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced oxidases) and Src (a nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinase) are abundantly expressed in the brain and play a prominent role in mediating ischemic alteration in neurons. The inhibitory strategy of them is believed to be the promising treatment of stroke. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of equol (0.625–2.5 mg·kg-1, Read More

As a proliferative and restorative entity, Wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1) is emerging as a novel target for a number of therapeutic strategies that are relevant for disorders such as traumatic injury, neurodegeneration, musculoskeletal disorders, cardiovascular disease, pulmonary compromise, and control of tumor growth as well as distant metastases. WISP1, a target of the wingless pathway W Read More

Stroke is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases and is known as a leading cause of death in the world. Despite to its high prevalence, there are limited effective therapeutic strategies for stroke till now. However, oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of stroke and therefore, antioxidant therapy could be used as a new therapeutic strategy. Among the antioxidants, some natural compounds are Read More